It’s Not About Getting Rich

 

Over the past six months, I have given a handful of talks to various groups of pharmacists and pharmacy students outlining how we (myself included) can better manage our money. One of my favorite questions to ask the audience is “How confident are you in your ability to become a millionaire by the time you retire?”

 

The typical response is one of silence.

 

So I ask for a raise of hands and just about every time a small handful will say they are “very confident” they can save a million dollars or more while the majority say they are not confident at all they can achieve this goal.

 

It is clear that talking about becoming a millionaire is not a comfortable topic for most.

For some, I get the feeling it is uncomfortable to talk about becoming a millionaire in a culture where we don’t openly talk about money very much. Separate conversation for another day but if we want to help each other and teach our kids how to handle money appropriately and wisely, we need to talk about this more often. For others, I think the mountains of student loan debt make it hard to see into the future of saving a million dollars. And for many, I get the impression that accruing a million dollars seems like a scary number that is out of reach.

 

In fact, most millionaires inherited their money, correct?

 

I thought the same until I read The Millionaire Next Door by Tom Stanley where his research shows that the majority (80-85%) of millionaires in America are 1st generation. That means that most millionaires are you and I that diligently plan for the future and save each and every month over a long period of time.

 

Here is the thing. We have to change the tone of this conversation about becoming a millionaire. It is not a bad thing, it is not greedy and it certainly is not impossible. In fact, I contend that most pharmacists that plan to retire at a reasonable age (say 65-70 years old), that will live into their 80s or 90s and desire to have a lifestyle that resembles their working years (or somewhere close), it is not a question of “Do you think you can save a million dollars?” but rather a fact that “You need to save a million dollars.”

 

The math doesn’t lie.

 

Here is an example to highlight this using a Nest Egg Calculator. I would encourage you to run the numbers yourself based on your personal situation. If a pharmacist is 30 years old and has $50,000 saved in retirement, plans to retire at 65, will live to 85, desires to live off of 80% of his/her current income in retirement and is modest in their investment approach, he/she will need to have approximately $5 million saved for retirement.

 

That makes sense when you think of inflation and the fact that there would be twenty years (after retirement) where savings would need to fund a lifestyle where there is no income. Certainly the variables can change such as working longer, living off a lower percentage of your current income during retirement, or assuming you will have social security benefits available. However, no matter what changes you make (unless you work until you die or close to you die), you ‘need’ to have $1 million dollars.

 

Therefore, we need to talk about the concept of becoming a millionaire much differently. It’s not about being rich.

 

So Why Save to Be a Millionaire?

 

There are five main reasons that motivate Jess and I to stay debt free, develop a plan for how money is spent each month and consistency save for retirement at the expense of spending today.

 

#1 – To be in a position to give away money in a way we have never been able to do so before. I firmly believe giving should be an important part of every financial plan from the beginning (even during debt repayment) but what I’m talking about here is giving at a much greater level and being in a position to meet the obvious needs we see each and every day.

 

#2 – Having a secure financial future for our family. As outlined above, saving a million dollars or more will be necessary to take care of our family if we want to retire at a reasonable age (even if we live off of 50% of our current income during retirement). Again, it’s not about being rich.

 

#3 – To leave an inheritance to our family that will have an impact for generations to come. Compounding growth is an amazing phenomenon…$3 million dollars left to the next generation can easily become $30 million dollars or more for the generation that follows. Lots to be said here about the pros/cons of leaving money to the next generation but for now, let’s leave it at this and assume the next generation will handle that money wisely.

 

#4 – To teach our boys how to work hard and that if you set a goal and work towards it, you can achieve it.

 

#5 – Getting to the point of having the flexibility to do what we want, when we want rather than working out of necessity. Don’t take this the wrong way. I love the work that I do. However, I think many (including myself) would prefer to be in a position to choose what work we do when we do it. That may mean doing the same exact thing as I am doing now but the difference is having the independence to make that decision beyond any salary influences.

 

Your Financial Homework: Do you believe you can become a millionaire? If not, what is holding you back? If you haven’t already, run you own calculations using the Nest Egg Calculator to see if you are on track for saving each month to meet that goal. Remember, saving for retirement is just one part of your financial plan and I would not recommend you focus solely on this goal at the expense of giving, paying down debt or building an emergency fund. There is great value in having a stepwise approach to balancing the competing financial priorities that are thrown at you every day.

 

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Do You Know Your Retirement Number?

 

Take a minute to answer the following questions:

Assuming you will retire at 65 and die at 82 (morbid, right?), how much money do you think you will need to have saved for retirement? Furthermore, what factors led you to come up with that figure?

In order to estimate a dollar amount needed to retire, we need to make some assumptions including the following:

  • Life expectancy
  • Age of retirement
  • Salary increases
  • Rate of inflation
  • Percentage of working income needed to live each year in retirement
  • Rate of return on our investments before and after retirement

Once we make these assumptions we can come to a dollar amount needed to reach financial independence or better known as the point when one can retire and replace his/her income without having to work. What a sweet moment, right?

While this won’t be a perfect assumption considering variables that can come into play that have a significant impact on the end goal such as uneven growth in investments through the working years, unpredictable changes in income, and investments fees, it is a good place to start. Therefore, let’s walk through an example together that has three different scenarios to highlight how changing one or two variables can have a significant impact on the result. You can then change the assumptions and run through it yourself.

As of today, if a male were born in 1984, he is expected to live to be 82 years old (check out your own life expectancy at https://www.ssa.gov/OACT/population/longevity.html). Therefore, if this individual were planning to retire at the age of 65, he would have to have funds available to live for 17 years beyond the date of retirement. For this example, let’s assume this pharmacist is making $120,950; the median pay cited by the 2014 Bureau of Labor Statistics.

When we make assumptions on the factors noted above, we need to keep a few things in mind.

First, what is your desired retirement age? Yes, lots can change along the way for lots of reasons but if you could choose your desired retirement age right now, what would that be? This will have a significant impact on the calculations as you will see in a minute.

Second, what percentage of your income during the working years do you want to have available in retirement. 80%? 100%? 120%? You can choose any number depending on your desired lifestyle in retirement. Often you will hear that a lower percentage of your income (such as 80%) is reasonable to have during retirement with the assumption that expenses during one’s working career will be higher than that during retirement. For example, during retirement, the goal would be to have a paid off home without any monthly mortgage payment like was being made during working years. The counter to this argument could be for someone that desires to have significant expenses in retirement (e.g., travel, buying a second home, etc.) or would like to be in a position to give away money at a rate he/she wasn’t able to do during the working years. In this case, an assumption of 100% of today’s salary (in future dollars) is reasonable or maybe even 120% depending on your desired lifestyle during retirement.

Third, what rate of return do you anticipate you will get on your investments before and after retirement? While much of this is out of our control based on the volatility that comes along with investing, a projection can be made based on how conservative (assumed lower %) or how aggressive (assumed higher %) you may be in your investment approach. In future articles, I will spend lots of time covering types of investments, advantages/disadvantages to those investments and factors to consider when putting together a portfolio that matches your goals and risk tolerance. For now, let’s make it simple by choosing a lower assumption (such as 6%) if you tend to be more conservative and a higher assumption (such as 8%) if you tend to be a bit more aggressive. Some could argue the 6% isn’t very conservative and 8% isn’t very aggressive, but for the ease of making these assumptions, let’s go with it. If you want to be more conservative or aggressive, you can make those changes when running the numbers yourself.

So, let’s get back to our example of a male born in 1984 and look at three different scenarios. For all three scenarios, we will assume he has no retirement savings to date. Hopefully, that is not the case but certainly not an unheard of scenario considering many new graduates are strapped with significant debt coming out of school. Take note of the numbers in bold that are the factors that are changing between the three scenarios.

 

Assumption Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3
Current age 32 32 32
Salary $120,9501 $120,9501 $120,9501
Current retirement savings $0 $0 $0
Projected age of retirement 65 67 70
Years of retirement income needed (based on life expectancy of 82) 17 15 12
Expected income increase (per year) 3% 3% 3%
Projected rate of inflation (per year) 3% 3% 3%
Percentage of current income (in future dollars) needed in retirement 100% 90% 80%
Pre-retirement investment returns 6% 7% 8%
Post-retirement investment returns 3% 3% 3%
Assume Social Security Benefits? No No No
Amount saved at date of retirement $5.4 million $4.6 million $3.6 million
Amount needed to save each month to reach retirement goal $4,990 $3,001 $1,496

1 Average pharmacist salary according to Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2014

 

Wow, what a difference! In Scenario 1, he would have to save $4,990 per month all the way up until retirement to reach his goal. That would be well over 50% of his salary to start and likely not a realistic scenario. Compare that to Scenario 3 where he would have to save $1,496 per month to reach the retirement goal. Still a lot per month but much better and more realistic at about 20% of his salary. While we may not like the assumptions used in Scenario 3 such as having to work until 70, having to live off a lower percentage of income during retirement or assuming more aggressive returns on investments during the working years, the key is we have a goal in place with reasonable assumptions that will inform a plan to achieve that goal. Without that goal, we are hoping to have enough saved for retirement but may fall significantly short and/or be unpleasantly surprised as we near that age.

One last thing worth discussion is the power of starting early. In scenario 3, if this individual would have started at 26 instead of 32, he would be able to reduce the amount he needs to save per month towards retirement by $395 to meet the same goal of having $3.6 million saved. I don’t know about you but an extra $395 per month is a big deal!

So how does this example compare to the number you wrote down just a few minutes ago? Maybe it shocks you or maybe it validates your thinking. Regardless, once we get to this point we can now determine a plan for what needs to happen each year, or even each month to achieve this goal.

So here is your Financial Homework this week. Play around with the retirement calculator at https://www.dinkytown.net/java/RetirementNestegg.html You can make your own assumptions to determine your retirement number and then work backward to figure out how much needs to be saved per month to achieve that goal.

One final thought. Remember that saving for retirement is one of many financial goals and should be considered in the context of those other goals such as giving, saving for kids college, paying off the house, etc. Do not jump into changing one factor of your financial plan without considering the others.

P.S. If you didn’t figure it out, the example used in this post is based on my birthday! Therefore, I have 50 more years to live according to the life expectancy calculator. Jess and I are currently saving 22% of our income towards retirement so we are close to being on track to achieve the goal but have some work to do!

 

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Your 401(k): A Way to Help Become a Multimillionaire Pharmacist

 

The following post was written by Ben Michaels, Pharm.D. Ben is an assistant pharmacy manager for Kroger Columbus KMA. He received his Doctor of Pharmacy degree from University of Cincinnati’s James L Winkle College of Pharmacy and completed a community residency program with Fred Meyer/Oregon State. In addition to practicing as a pharmacist, Ben works with students at The Ohio State University to help orientate resettled refugees to using community pharmacies in the United States. He aspires to enable pharmacists and pharmacy students understand finances and achieve their financial goals. If you have any questions for Ben, please contact him at [email protected]


Does the thought of saving $3 million by the age of 65 make you uneasy? More importantly, how can you do it? Using the average pharmacist salary of approximately $117,000, let’s assume that a pharmacist graduates at age 25 and starts saving 10% of his/her average salary until 65. This pharmacist decides to put all the money under his/her mattress. Over the next 40 years this pharmacist would be sleeping on $466,680. While the pharmacist did a great job at saving, this leaves him/her over $2.5 million short of achieving our goal and sleeping on a very uncomfortable mattress!

So where are we going to get the extra millions from? A 401(k) (or 403(b) or 457(b) if you work for certain organizations) is one of your best tools for making up this difference. Throughout the rest of the article, I will use the terminology 401(k) to represent these employer-sponsored retirement plans. For many pharmacists, these terms may be something that you have heard of, but may not fully understand. After all, you graduated with a pharmacy degree, not a degree in finance! To summarize these types of accounts, they are a retirement savings account sponsored by your employer normally managed by an outside financial institution. Here is a link from Investopedia that provides more information.

There are three major advantages to using a 401(k) as a savings vehicle for retirement:

  1. Your contribution to a traditional 401(k) is tax deductible. What this means is that if you earn the average pharmacist salary of $116,670 and contribute 10% of your salary ($11,667 per year) to a 401(k), your taxable income for the year is now $105,003.
  2. The contributions (employee and employer match) to a traditional 401(k) grow tax-free. However, it is important to note this money will be taxed upon withdrawal. While we won’t spend time in this article discussing the Roth 401(k), it is important to note this option may be available to you in your employer offered retirement plan. In a Roth 401(k), you will pay income taxes on your contributions but your account will grow tax-free and you won’t have to pay any taxes on your withdrawals during retirement.
  3. Many employers will match a percentage of your 401(k) contributions. Let’s look at a potential scenario again using the assumptions from above.

If the mattress money stocking pharmacist from above put the same amount of money into a 401(k) account that didn’t make any interest at all in 40 years, but his/her employer matched 3% of the contribution, instead of amassing $466,680 over 40 years, he/she would have $606,684. That’s an extra $140,004 just from the employer that would be lost if he/she did not take advantage of the 401(k) plan!

Hopefully the above information will have convinced you to start contributing to your 401(k) plan if you aren’t already. So now that you are ready to contribute, where can you get more information on managing your account? Fortunately, there are some great websites that can provide you with tools to help you plan your retirement.

The website Investopedia, which I already reference above, is a page that provides definitions and general information related to investing. There are articles on managing a 401(k) and also some useful budgeting tools. This site is a good starting point to learn many of the basic terms and theories used in the financial world.

Once you get your retirement account up and running, you may see that you have some options with regards to how you wish to allocate the money that you are saving in the account. Futureadvisor is a free service that allows you to link your 401(k) through their website and then gives you investing advice based on an analysis of your account. The alternative to this would be meeting face to face with a financial planner, which is also a great option if you are unsure about how to invest your savings.

If you want to work out the numbers and see what adding a bit more money each month will do long term, you will want to use some financial calculators. Just like calculating vancomycin peaks and troughs, you can do this all by hand, but using a calculator makes it much easier. Bankrate and Smartasset both have calculators for almost every financial situation you can think of. Besides retirement calculators, these sites offer calculators for real estate, loans, relocation, and many other categories.

You probably already use the internet to read reviews of products or services that you are looking to purchase and financial services are no different. A helpful site that reviews investment accounts along with credit cards, bank savings and checking accounts, insurance, mortgages, etc. is Nerdwallet. If you are looking to open any type of financial account, this site is a great place to do some research first.

The last sites I want to mention are robo-advisor sites. The two major sites are Betterment and Wealthfront and you can find reviews of each on the previously mentioned Nerdwallet. If you find yourself in a position where you want to start a retirement account but your employer doesn’t offer a 401(k), these sites both provide a way to invest funds and then use computer algorithms to do the investing and trading for you.

Returning to the previous example of the mattress money-stocking pharmacist, let’s compare what his/her savings might have been if he/she invested for 40 years in an employer-sponsored traditional 401(k) where the employer matched 3% and the average annual rate of return was the 8% using this calculator from Bankrate. Under the same assumptions previously mentioned this pharmacist would have $4,097,413 saved in their retirement account at age 65. Even with a conservative average annual return of 4%, this pharmacist would still have 1,472,308 saved at age 65 or $865,624 more than his mattress-stuffing peer. I invite you to use the calculator and plug in your own financial numbers and see the difference that 401(k) contributions can have on your retirement savings.

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