YFP REI 134: From Pharmacy To Real Estate: Why This Couple Invests in Raw, Vacant Land


Quynh and Tri Vu, two professionals who transitioned from pharmacy and IT careers into real estate, share their journey into investing in raw, vacant land and building Secure Land Co.

Episode Summary

Quynh and Tri Vu, two professionals who transitioned from IT and pharmacy to real estate, share their journey into investing in raw, vacant land in this episode of the YFP Real Estate Investing Podcast.

Joined by hosts Nate Hedrick, PharmD, and David Bright, PharmD, Quynh and Tri walk through their early steps in real estate, starting with single-family rentals and moving into the world of short-term rentals like Airbnbs. As their experience grew, so did their ambition, leading them to explore diverse markets and ultimately carve out a niche in the often-overlooked space of raw, vacant land.

They break down what makes land investing unique, detailing the due diligence required, the creative value-add strategies they use, and how they evaluate properties with potential. Along the way, they also share how they balanced their demanding careers while building a real estate portfolio, leaned on community and mentorship, and eventually took the leap into full-time investing through their business, Secure Land Co.

Whether you’re just getting started or looking to diversify your real estate strategy, this episode offers valuable insights, encouragement, and practical advice from two people who made the leap and never looked back. 

Key Points from the Episode

  • 00:00 Welcome and Introductions
  • 00:21 Quynh’s Pharmacy Journey
  • 01:43 Tri’s IT Background
  • 02:12 Diving into Real Estate
  • 02:32 First Steps in Real Estate Investing
  • 03:45 Transition to Land Investments
  • 12:44 Balancing Careers and Real Estate
  • 19:04 Starting a Land Investment Company
  • 19:57 Why People Sell Their Land
  • 20:12 Methods of Acquiring Land
  • 21:35 Becoming Private Lenders
  • 22:17 Due Diligence in Land Investment
  • 23:40 Understanding Mineral and Water Rights
  • 25:46 Value Add Potential in Raw Land
  • 26:50 Owner Financing and Selling Notes
  • 31:17 Diverse Uses for Raw Land
  • 34:18 Getting Started in Land Investment
  • 35:31 Final Infusion Questions

Episode Highlights

“If someone doesn’t want their property, sometimes they’re just happy for someone else to take it over. And a lot of the opportunities that we’ve gotten are from people, sometimes they don’t  want the land anymore.  They may have inherited it, and they’re  just paying back taxes on it. They never wanted it to begin with. Or maybe they bought land thinking that one day they’re going to move there and retire, but their retirement plans might have changed.” – Quynh Vu [19:41]

“When I first thought about land, too, I was thinking beautiful farmland, really green rolling hills. We don’t have that. We have mostly a lot of land that’s in the desert, and people who want land in some of those areas, it’s high desert, higher elevation. So they may want the land to go camping. They may bring out their RV there for, you know, a weekend, a long, like a week trip, or something like that. But they just want land for  that purpose.” – Quynh Vu [31:54]

“ We have properties that are as low as  $2,000 and some of them around $20,000. So there’s a huge range in terms of the cost of the land. So, for a lot of families, it may be more reachable for them.”  – Quynh Vu [33:50]

Mentioned in Today’s Episode

Episode Transcript

[00:00:00] 

Nate Hedrick: Hey, Quinn, try welcome to the show.

Quynh & Tri Vu: Hi. Thanks for having us. Hey.

Nate Hedrick: Absolutely. Yeah. Really excited to have you guys here. Uh, Quinn, you and I got the Connect a couple weeks back, and I just, I loved your story, loved that you guys were doing this together. And so we wanted to have you on to discuss, uh, all things real estate, all things pharmacy, and, uh, uh, why don’t we start there then with pharmacy.

Nate Hedrick: Tell us a little bit about your background, um, your, your professions and kind of, uh, uh, how you got there.

Quynh & Tri Vu: Okay. Um, well, I graduated from the University of Texas in Austin and when I graduated I became a pediatric clinical pharmacist. Um, so I worked as a pediatric pharmacist for most of my career. And then even within pharmacy, I was like super involved. Like I did, um, you know, the C-B-I-C-U, the PICU worked night shift, IV room.

Quynh & Tri Vu: Just pretty much everywhere. And I also worked in retail too. So I worked in a community pharmacy ’cause I was a intern, a tech, like all of that stuff, even before pharmacy school. Um, and then back in like 2014, I started kind of [00:05:00] like getting really tired of like working night shift, weekends, holidays, all that stuff.

Quynh & Tri Vu: And my kids were pretty young. I. So I transitioned into like being a manager in the inpatient pharmacy. ’cause I thought it would be like a little bit easier to be a manager, but it was still like pretty crazy. Um, uh, so then after that we went, I worked at an adult hospital too. Went into management, worked, did healthcare administration at adult hospital.

Quynh & Tri Vu: And then the last few years of my career, I worked at a biotech company and did, um, you know, worked with the development team so they can create software for analytics for healthcare organizations.

Quynh & Tri Vu: Yeah, that was for pharmacy. We had a sweet Walmart, 10% discount back, back in the day. Really helpful.

Nate Hedrick: Tri, you are, you are not a pharmacist, right? So I, that doesn’t exclude you from the podcast, obviously. But we still, we still love hearing everyone’s background, so.

Quynh & Tri Vu: Yeah. Um, I’m a recovering IT guy. I was doing it in Dallas and then Austin doing the big boom with [00:06:00] Dell. And uh, then we moved out to California and, uh, yeah, just stayed in that space till about two years ago.

Nate Hedrick: Yeah, we’re gonna dive into that for sure. So it’s great. Thank you.

David Bright: Yeah, both of those careers at face value don’t really scream like real estate, so I’d love to hear how that jump happened. Or how that expansion happened, or what got you excited about real estate. Maybe just give us like the 32nd overview of the things you’ve done in real estate. Just like you gave us the 32nd overview of the variety in your career.

Quynh & Tri Vu: Yeah. So, um, I think we just bought single family houses just for ourselves, right? Just as a owner. And then maybe about eight years ago is when we broke into like Airbnbs and, uh, all the bigger pocket stuff kicked in. Like we did it all like long term rental, short term, midterm. And then, uh, out of state we got into doing burrs and flips.

Quynh & Tri Vu: And uh, I think the last one was like commercial with [00:07:00] partnerships. We moved into, uh, uh, vacant land, raw vacant land. No power, no literacy, nothing. The best one.

David Bright: So. And I feel like that is a, a departure, like you hit long-term rentals, short-term rentals, midterm rentals. We’ve talked about those on different episodes, and we can link to some of those in the show notes where that feels like the very kind of traditional real estate investing, a residential house just like you had bought personally, and then you buy that to rent it out outta state.

David Bright: Flipping those kind of things make sense, but vacant raw land. Is such a departure. So can you just give us the quick pitch of why anyone would invest in raw vacant land?

Quynh & Tri Vu: Okay, so I was actually, so I had left pharmacy, um, back in 20. Was it 2022? Yeah, 2022. And during, when I left pharmacy, I was working as a residential [00:08:00] real estate agent. And part of it was because our friends kept asking us like, Hey, what are you guys doing? And I was referring a lot of. Clients to my realtor and he was like, why don’t you just get a license?

Quynh & Tri Vu: And then I was like, okay. So I got a license and I started selling houses and um, I was also in a mastermind, so twice in like GoBundance men, and there was a female mastermind, GoBundance women. And I had a good friend who was a land investor. She was doing like Airbnbs, she had long-term rentals, short-term rentals, commercial property, all that stuff.

Quynh & Tri Vu: But she said the thing that she liked the most was land. And I actually didn’t really understand it at all. And she told me she just, you know, bought land from people. She didn’t really, um, she bought land from people who didn’t want it anymore, and then she would sell it to someone else. I was like, well, what would you do with it after you buy it?

Quynh & Tri Vu: Like, do you have to improve it, make it better? And she’s like, no. She just remarket it to someone who’s looking for that type of property. And I was just really [00:09:00] fascinated by it. So then I was like, well, I wanna do what you’re doing. ’cause it sounds to me like you’re just a bank that happens to sell land.

Quynh & Tri Vu: ’cause she told me she also did own our financing for those properties as well.

Nate Hedrick: Hmm. Yeah, and I wanna dig into that because I feel like there’s so many things to unpack there. So, so again, this journey of like. Short-term rentals, long-term rentals, traditional real estate, all the way to this, this step that really we haven’t discussed before in the show. I think it’s unique to a lot of people. Um, but how did you make that initial switch? Like whose idea was it to say, you know what, pharmacy it, like, it’s fine, but let’s think about adding real estate into our, into our portfolios.

Quynh & Tri Vu: We, I think Quinn read like Rich, that poor dad way back in the day and uh, you know, the four hour work week. And we were like, we’re, we’re too poor to do this. Right? We didn’t have any money. We had, we had like a thousand bucks savings after two years or something, and we were like, we can’t afford it. So it just kind of sat there in the back of our heads thinking.

Quynh & Tri Vu: Awesome. And, uh, you fast forward to about [00:10:00] eight years ago, nine, nine years ago, I had, uh, probably my second or third midlife crisis and, uh, she went into management and then first and like 10, 11 years ago. And then I went like shortly after. But, um, man, they don’t, sometimes they don’t train you and you just, you know, ’cause you’re, you’re doing technical stuff, you’re doing well and then you just kinda.

Quynh & Tri Vu: You know, uh, get promoted. I’ve seen a lot of pharmacists too, right outta high school. They’re managers now. Like, how did that happen? You know, you know, so it’s kind of the same situation where like, uh, you’re doing well, they think it would transfer over to other areas. And, uh, we had just a lot of issues with, um, with a lot of outages.

Quynh & Tri Vu: ’cause I was doing operations and um, I was just pulling, I was working like 9:00 AM to like 9:00 PM and after about six months, Quin was like. You gotta find another job. Like it was just, this is too much. And uh, that was like, all right, I gotta do something. I can’t keep, I can’t sustain [00:11:00] this. And years of bigger pockets, like all that.

Quynh & Tri Vu: So subconscious stuff was kicking in, like, try, sell everything, get into real estate. And, uh, I went to meet up, met a realtor that was pitching an invest, like how to invest in, you know. And, uh, single families. And I was like, all right, sign me up. And I didn’t know about loans, I didn’t know about anything.

Quynh & Tri Vu: And then he was like, you don’t have any money. So I had to get a heloc. It took another month. I came back to him, I got money now, and he’s like, all right, let’s go find land, or, uh, let’s go find a house. And I was pretty much making an offer in every house. Like the walls were crook and all sorts of stuff.

Quynh & Tri Vu: We had like GCs coming by, they were walking away like, don’t get it. And I was like, no, we have to do it. We have to do it now. Um, yeah, we was just like, you know how like when you suffer and struggle so much, like the pain is so like you had to do, like, it causes the change. And we were kind of at that point where we were just like struggling with like just too much work and uh, and we didn’t [00:12:00] know how to manage other, and we had to change something.

Quynh & Tri Vu: So that’s kind of when the, when all the equity was like, you gotta do something with equity, it just sits there. It makes no no sense. And all those books and podcasts just kind of kicked in.

Nate Hedrick: I love that we’ve got both of you guys on the show because one of the things that we don’t get to talk a lot about is like, what that was like as, as a couple, like figuring that out as partners. So Quinn, were you immediately on board, like, no, no reservations, like he’s taking. The HELOC and you’re like, yeah, let’s do it.

Nate Hedrick: Buy a house.

Quynh & Tri Vu: No, I was like very, very nervous ’cause I was not listening to BiggerPockets and I was scared and he kept like leaving to go to these meetups and come back, like really excited. And um, every time he would. Know, find a deal. He would like show me. And he was like, oh, what do you think? I’m like, oh no, that’s not good.

Quynh & Tri Vu: Not a good deal then. And then he would like keep coming back to me and say, Hey, like, what questions do you have about it? Let’s talk through that. And then, you know, I felt like that was, he was really patient with the fact that I was like still like nervous and trying to work it through [00:13:00] it with me. And then eventually he was like, okay, well at what price would it make sense?

Quynh & Tri Vu: So I like couldn’t say, no, it’s not a good deal. He was like, what price would it make sense where like all of the risk and stuff would not feel like risk. Um, so then I started like doing like more research and kind of like reading some of the books that he was listening to, listening to the podcast and just getting a better understanding of it.

Quynh & Tri Vu: And I was so nervous because I, I even told him like, we already have one mortgage, like, why would we want another mortgage? And we have four kids. So we wanted to live like in a nice neighborhood, good school district, flat street, cul-de-sac, like very traditional. We never wanted to even get a fancy house where we could only afford under two incomes.

Quynh & Tri Vu: We wanted a house we could afford under one income. ’cause that’s how conservative we were. Um, financially, I. So I was really, really nervous when we started, but I’m, I’m glad that I didn’t like just say, you know, I had to like, learn [00:14:00] more about what made me nervous. But I do think that if you’re at the point where you don’t know the difference between a good deal and a bad deal, you shouldn’t do anything.

Quynh & Tri Vu: You need to figure out at least that much.

David Bright: Yeah.

Nate Hedrick: think that’s great advice and I really like how try approached it of like, Hey, what is the number that makes sense? Is it a dollar? Are we buying this house for 10 bucks? Like, is that the only way this makes sense? Like, well no. Okay, so what is the number? Right? Rather than just none of these work, we’re not buying anything.

Nate Hedrick: I think that’s a great, like bring you along sort of a thing. And then you took the initiative to actually learn the pieces and do the deal analysis and I, I, I think that’s great. ’cause that’s hard for a lot of people out there and I’m sure there’s a ton of people listening right now. One of them is super interested in real estate.

Nate Hedrick: The other one has. No radar for that at all. And so how do you bring those pieces together?

Quynh & Tri Vu: And you know, the other thing too, Nate, that I was, I thought I was being like very conservative because, um. I didn’t wanna invest and try was like saying, well, you know, having only one source of income is kind of risky too. And I never looked at it like that until [00:15:00] he said that.

Nate Hedrick: great point.

David Bright: Yeah, that I, I love that mindset shift of what really is risk. And I think taking that on the question of like, what questions do you have? Creating a lot of that conversation, open communication, I. Sounds like that was all part of this trick that got you to buy the first house, right? And then eventually, it sounds like there was more than that, right?

David Bright: So how did that growth look? And uh, and particularly from a pace standpoint, like you guys described eight or nine years and you’ve already done all these different things, like I think that feels really intimidating to a lot of people. So I’m curious how that story evolved, uh, into the next house, the next house, the next house.

Quynh & Tri Vu: We were just all in. So we got the HELOC that first year, and we bought a house. Then six months later, we’re like, all right, it is working. Just do it again. We spent the rest of the HELOC and then we had to save up ’cause we ran outta money. We’re like, all right, let’s do it [00:16:00] again. So. I saw this chart, you can’t see it back here, but it was a little pyramid, like one year, two doors next year, four doors next year.

Quynh & Tri Vu: It was just a stack, right. It just stacked up and I loved it. And uh, it was two doors, four doors next year, eight doors, and then there’s a little break ’cause we were literally broke. Right. And, uh, ’cause like when you’re in real estate, you’re just stacking money away. All the money you make just goes right back into more property.

Quynh & Tri Vu: It’s delayed for, for sure. Uh, yeah. So that, that little pyramid really helped us, like kind of see the vision and it was kind of gamifying it. Um, but yeah, so we just saved money and reinvested everything.

Nate Hedrick: And during all that, like again, you’re both pretty serious careers. I mean, again, really involved in your careers at the time, even though you’re trying to start making this transition out like. Did you manage that? How did you maintain the balance? Like, was that, was that difficult or, or try, did you just totally step away and say, okay, I’m all in on real estate, let’s make this happen.

Quynh & Tri Vu: Well, the first [00:17:00] couple were Airbnbs and they were local and.

Quynh & Tri Vu: Pretty, um, assertive, uh, property manager helping us. We hired a property manager before we self-managed, and then, uh, we’re like, she’s not doing anything. We could do it. And we got greedy and we started doing rentals by the room. And, uh, that made a ton of money, but that was a ton of work too. Um, so we’re like, all right, we can’t, this is not sustainable.

Quynh & Tri Vu: We had like four listings outta one property. Like it was like four times as much work. But, uh. Was it the Bur book or the long distance investing book? Um, we started like looking, uh, out of state. It was a commercial and BiggerPockets, one of the intros or outros they had is promo, Hey, we do it all. We buy, flip and find a person and then you just buy it from us and we manage it.

Quynh & Tri Vu: And I was like, easy button, let’s do it. And uh, we went the, the property managed route, they find flip property, manage it. And we just did that for, uh, the next couple. [00:18:00] Um. We, we had this problem of shiny object syndrome. So you’re one market and you just keep on buying in that same market. So we got into like eight states or something, uh, just because that looked cool.

Quynh & Tri Vu: That looked cool. Okay. That number looks right, just buy, buy, buy. And um, so yeah, that’s how we kind of scaled, uh, unnaturally through all these other states and through property managers helping us scale.

Nate Hedrick: That’s awesome. Wow.

Quynh & Tri Vu: As far as the balance, yeah, we just had to leverage the, the other, uh, the teams and the, uh, the property managers teams to, to take care of everything.

David Bright: It sounds like it’s part of your story because you hinted earlier, like up until a few years ago, you were doing these things, so it sounds like there. Was some kind of like titration away from your careers and into more real estate. Um, and I know that there are some people out there that are looking to that.

David Bright: There’s some people out there that love their, their pharmacy job and they wanna stay in that. And I can totally [00:19:00] respect both of those avenues, but you guys have done both. So I’m just curious, since you’ve been in, in both of those, you know, the kind of the pros and cons or what made you think now is the time to make that jump?

Quynh & Tri Vu: I, I love this question because when we got to the point where we’re so busy between work and family, and then even if you’re not managing the rentals directly. Everything bubbles up to the owners. If there’s an insurance claim that needs to be made, if there’s some type of complaint, sometimes Airbnb calls us directly.

Quynh & Tri Vu: So we were still like involved and try kind of mentioned like, Hey, one of us needs to leave our job. Do you wanna go first or do you want me to go first? And I was like, I definitely wanna go first. I don’t even know what going first means. I,

Nate Hedrick: That’s awesome.

Quynh & Tri Vu: and then shortly after the following year left his. Those, those good advice that someone gave us. Like if you both were gonna check out and leave your careers, don’t do it the same year. Like one person [00:20:00] does it one year, someone else do it the next year. And um, I guess we were in the circles where like everybody was entrepreneurs and it was like, man, I gotta be one.

Quynh & Tri Vu: I need to leave my job. But. You know, I still, I, I really liked it and, um, it was kind of like a part of a identity thing, to be honest. It’s hard separating it. I’m sure you guys know, like, you know, what do you do? Who are you? You just naturally say, Hey, I do a tech, or I, I’m a pharmacist, and separate. It was hard.

Quynh & Tri Vu: And then when you all in as a entrepreneur, you still kind of miss it. So, um, I don’t think it’s for everybody, like some people are, if you’re good and you like what you do, just stick with it and give someone else money. And then invest passively. Like, you don’t need to like, figure out how to do real estate.

Quynh & Tri Vu: It’s a, it’s still a job until it isn’t a job. Right? So, um, I didn’t think about that initially. Like, flipping houses is literally another career. Like, why would you, if you’re good at tech, why would you learn another skill and have to like rema, you know, take [00:21:00] years to master that before you get good and great at it when you just gave someone the money and then they do it and still enjoy your job.

Quynh & Tri Vu: So. In hindsight, like you didn’t have to follow, we had like shiny object syndrome where I did at that point, like, I need to leave, I need to do, you know, entrepreneurship, give it a shot when like, I liked tech still, like even though it was like operations support, long hours, like it was super fun with the team fixing stuff.

Quynh & Tri Vu: So it really depends on your person.

Nate Hedrick: Yeah. I’m glad you mentioned the identity thing too, because I think a lot of people struggle with that. Even just in like, like for example, like when I got my real estate license, people were like, oh, so you’re done being a pharmacist? Like, well, no, hold on. Like I’m still working. Like you can have two things, but nobody talks that way.

Nate Hedrick: You just like, what is the thing you do for work? Like, or what is what? What do you do? Right? It’s not like. And everyone expects you to be like, I got a degree in blah, blah, blah, and I do x like, and that’s it. Uh, and so I think that’s, that’s a good thing for people to hear is like, it, it can be many things and that’s, that’s enjoyable as well.

Nate Hedrick: So I [00:22:00] think that’s, that’s a really good point. You, you, you landed on.

Quynh & Tri Vu: Yeah. And you know, there’s a lot of skills that I think we learn in our professional careers that translate into real estate investing, which it’s not like, okay, completely foreign. I mean, it’s very data-driven, which pharmacy is. Um, and just like kind of following, hey, what worked well for other people?

Quynh & Tri Vu: So like, just looking at actual case studies, um, other people who have been successful around us, I felt like has really helped us. So having that professional background, I feel like I. Really did kind of give us an advantage. Um, but if you were to just start researching and learning, like we didn’t go to school for, for business, so we kind of felt like when we’re learning about real estate, we had to like learn, we had to read books, we had to listen to podcasts, we had to like go to like a different type of school to learn about it.

Nate Hedrick: I think that’s great though. Like, and, and you have the skills. Both of you like to go in, out and do that, right? We’re all lifelong learners if [00:23:00] we, if we believe that, so that there’s a way to go out and, and get that information, so that’s great. So, so I know now you guys, today you run this, this, land investment company.

Nate Hedrick: I, I want to dig into that. ’cause again, that’s something we’ve not discussed on the show in the past. I think there’s a lot to a lot there. Um, so those listening are probably more familiar with, again, the long and short term rental stuff. But, but give us kind of the background of like, what does it look like to flip raw land?

Nate Hedrick: Like you’ve mentioned it a little bit, but like give us the kind of the, the details of like, looking for these properties and, and how you turn that around.

Quynh & Tri Vu: So great question. Um, in terms of like land, it’s very similar to traditional real estate in that you wanna buy low and you wanna sell high, right? And if someone doesn’t want their property, sometimes they’re just happy for someone else to take it. Take it over. And a lot of the opportunities that we’ve gotten are from people.

Quynh & Tri Vu: Sometimes they don’t want the land anymore. They may have inherited it, they’re just paying back taxes on it. They never wanted it to begin with. Or [00:24:00] maybe they bought land thinking that one day they’re gonna move there and retire. But their retirement plans might have changed. They may have had grandkids in a different part of the country and now they wanna live closer to their grandkids.

Quynh & Tri Vu: So, um, in terms of like how we get deals, we similar to like, you know, people who are doing flips and developments, they’ll send out letters to people asking like, Hey, do you still want your property? Or Have you ever considered selling? Do you know how much your property’s worth? So we do those things in terms of outreach.

Quynh & Tri Vu: In order to acquire land and acquire is sometimes people, even within the land space. They want a change, like everything looks greener on the other side. So they might like, Hey, I don’t wanna be in this state anymore. I wanna be in another state to buy my land. So then they’ll sell us all of their land.

Quynh & Tri Vu: So that’s another way that we can, you know, acquire property. So there’s a lot of different ways. Um, sometimes we buy land from wholesalers. Sometimes [00:25:00] we buy land from tax auction, and sometimes we buy like loans from people. So a lot of different ways in which we can acquire land.

Nate Hedrick: So really similar, honestly, it sounds like, again, we’re talking wholesalers, talking, you know, multiple people that want to get out of a tired investment. Like it almost sounds like you could be talking about single family rentals. That’s cool.

Quynh & Tri Vu: The same thing. So we were doing like cold when doing residential, and it’s literally the.

Quynh & Tri Vu: And then, um, on the tail end, which is kind of new, is like we unintentionally became private lenders when we sell or finance these lots. Um, you could buy lots just like your mortgage gets transferred or sold to another service provider, right? We just found that out recently in the last like six months, a year, that you could buy and sell these notes.

Quynh & Tri Vu: So as we build our portfolio of notes, so we sell our [00:26:00] financed. Buy or sell these things as well. So it’s a new niche that we,

Nate Hedrick: Yeah, that’s interesting. So, so just like, again, like people are buying and selling notes on, on other properties, it’s kind of the same sort of strategy,

Quynh & Tri Vu: yeah, they don’t have to wait as long to recoup.

Nate Hedrick: I. Tell me about, um, due diligence. Like, I’m trying to think of a difference now, right? Like you’re, you’re, you’re teaching me how, how similar it actually is, but like, what about due diligence? Like, you’re not sending out an inspector to see if the roof is collapsing, right? ’cause it’s just trees and bushes and like, so what is that process like for you guys?

Quynh & Tri Vu: Yeah, I mean we have like a team that does like due diligence for us, and what they do is they fill out a report and it has things on there, very basic. Like, Hey, what, how big is the property? What is the parcel number? Um, what is the zoning, what’s the legal description? Is there back taxes owed on it? Um, are there any easements on the property?

Quynh & Tri Vu: Um, you know, [00:27:00] does it have like legal access? Does it have direct road access? So the, the questions that we’re kind of looking at are a little bit, they’re similar to residential real estate, but it’s actually a little simpler because we’re like not worried if the the roof is old. We’re not worried if Central or not No.

Quynh & Tri Vu: Of that stuff. Easier. Yeah. We’re selling one of our rentals and they’re like, Hey, how this list right now? And they’re asking, how old’s the roof again? What about the hvac? What year? I’m like, man, I haven’t heard about that in a while. Have to worry about that. You know? Is there power? No isity, no water. No.

Quynh & Tri Vu: You know, so.

Nate Hedrick: The, the one thing I’ll, I’ll ask then, what about like mineral rights? Does that come up or does it vary based on the property? Like if you know that it doesn’t matter for this property, you just kind of ignore that, or like how does that work for you guys?

Quynh & Tri Vu: That’s, that’s actually a really good question and that’s a common question that we actually get from clients that are, and many [00:28:00] times, like when you buy property, it’ll say something very vague, like if there’s.

Quynh & Tri Vu: It doesn’t say whether or not they actually have mineral rights and most of.

Nate Hedrick: Right.

Quynh & Tri Vu: And if you actually want to have mineral rights, you may have to go through a, like a separate search. Like there’s a specialized company who will kind of trace back through and similar to like title being transferred, mineral rights being transferred, and um, there’s like an hourly rate that they charge just to check.

Quynh & Tri Vu: And even if nothing comes up, you still have to pay that. So we haven’t really. Um, trying to get mineral rights in any area. We just tell people like, we, we don’t know if we have anything, and we just kind of leave it at that. But the other question people do ask though is, do you have water rights? And most of the properties that we do buy.

Quynh & Tri Vu: You know, they’re asking for water rights because they wanna have a well, and many times you can have a well without having any special water [00:29:00] rights. So it may not even be necessary, but they think it’s necessary to ask. So it’s just a good question that comes up pretty often.

Nate Hedrick: Yeah. Cool.

David Bright: I would imagine a lot of these are are like state dependent or area dependent, where there’s probably nuanced questions that exist in certain areas and not in others. Then as well.

Quynh & Tri Vu: Yeah, so we’re in, I think 11, 11 different states now for our land, and every county has different rules and regulations. Every state has regulations too. So depending upon the zoning where the property’s located, we have kind of like a little quick. Tip sheet sheet on each of the properties when people call, ask about it.

Quynh & Tri Vu: Um, our sales team, it.

David Bright: Okay. Um, we’re making so many comparisons to the single family space, one of the other things that I think about is, is the value add. Like, I think we’ve all done the, the thing where you buy an ugly house and you make it pretty and suddenly it’s worth more. Is there a lot [00:30:00] of value add potential with raw land, or is it even easier than that where you’re simply buying and selling without making any improvements or doing any direct added addition to value?

Quynh & Tri Vu: Yeah, there’s opportunities for sure. You get entitled. Subdivided, you could put in easements when they don’t have an easement, you talk to the neighbors to negotiate that kind of stuff. So there’s definitely opportunities to do all that stuff, just like residential, where you could just buy and just sell it to another wholesaler, to another flipper, and then just make the, you know, the margin and the sale or the assignment.

Quynh & Tri Vu: You could do literally the. And, um, because we are buying property from people who don’t want it anymore in, we’re buying it below market value substantially. So the value is.

Nate Hedrick: Hmm. And you mentioned earlier too, about owner financing. Are you, are you doing a lot of the, uh, those properties in that way where your, your finance. It through the owner because they’re [00:31:00] just, they’re looking to do anything with it, or are a lot of those being bought outright and then you’re financing them yourselves, or how does that work?

Quynh & Tri Vu: We started out by, um, when we wanted out a new market, we would get properties.

Nate Hedrick: Mm-hmm.

Quynh & Tri Vu: we weren’t like a lot money in a new area that we, uh, experienced in. And then after we started doing well. Those areas, then we would start buying and mailing out. That’s how we kind of break in by, um, buying owner finance properties.

Quynh & Tri Vu: And then, uh, we, when we acquired the properties, we would own it outright and sell it. A majority of ’em we would own outright and sell it, uh, on terms or sell our finance. That’s probably like 90% of, uh, the business initially. And, uh.

Nate Hedrick: Wow.

David Bright: Wow.

Nate Hedrick: That’s awesome.

Quynh & Tri Vu: Yeah, a lot of sales through, uh, owner finance. I think we sold like 30 last year, and I like, oh, we went crazy. That that was a little too much. Like [00:32:00] we didn’t mean to sell. We were like, man, that’s a lot of money. We just, you know, a little pocket of change right there. So we kind of got gungho selling notes.

Quynh & Tri Vu: And then, uh, we recently started buying notes as well. Um, this year we picked up, I don’t even know, 20.

Nate Hedrick: that’s great.

Quynh & Tri Vu: But yeah, the notes, um, we haven’t played too much in it. Like we’re just kind of winging it, literally. Like it works, let’s just do more of it. And, uh, yeah, so we like notes, but, um, it’s great for cash flow. You’re just getting passive, kind of like passive money, right? You just, you know, they’re just making payments on it.

Quynh & Tri Vu: Um, but the big liquidity events of, uh, if you do a flip or a cash, uh, those are nice too. So I think we’re, our new focus is to balance that out more with more cash flips and, uh, where, um, cash retail prices as well. Yeah. Um, I kind of wanted to mention that because of the space that we’re in, [00:33:00] most people, they cannot go to a bank.

Quynh & Tri Vu: To get a loan. So we’re, we’re lending to them and you know, we’re not doing very many checks on like their credit and their how worthy they are to be a buyer. However, we’re holding onto the deed, we’re selling to them on contract. So if they stop paying us, we still hold the deed and we have the ability to remarket that property.

Quynh & Tri Vu: And it’s now at a lower cost base. There’s no process because. Never had title.

Nate Hedrick: Yeah.

Quynh & Tri Vu: So it’s a nice, it’s a weird way. There’s a, there’s a few nuances that you’re gonna have to undo. Uh, think about residential, like re residential. Like you have when you buy the house, you get a loan, you have the title to the house, right?

Quynh & Tri Vu: Like it’s in your name. And then if you stop paying the bank with foreclosed to get it back, not like that land in our situation. And, uh, there’s a few other like weird things, [00:34:00] residential.

Nate Hedrick: I think it, it’s funny you mentioned that because like one of the things I think about with residential especially is like if you buy a house and like even if it. It goes really sideways, right? Things, things are way more expensive than you thought. Like at least you still have a property that you can sell.

Nate Hedrick: Like in my head, my first thought is like, I bought this raw farmland from this guy and now nobody wants to live here, and I’m stuck with this big parcel of land. Like, what do I do? Like, do you guys go through that? Is that ever, like, is that a problem? Or are you just like, no, we find perfect land every time.

Quynh & Tri Vu: So what do you usually do, right? You find markets that, uh, do well? How do you do that? You run comped. What has sold in last six months, 12 months compared to what has listed days on market? You literally do the same thing. Uh, the only caveat is if I own finance it. It’s not recorded. The title doesn’t change, so you don’t know I sewed it at all.

Quynh & Tri Vu: So when you run comps, you may have to run comps on what’s listed versus what’s been sewed because it hasn’t been like recorded yet. So it’s a little bit of a [00:35:00] twist. Like you, you know, I don’t know how long it’s been listed. It’s still listed like, you know, as it been sewed. So you’re gonna have to kind of play with other investors in that market to figure out if they’re really selling it, if they’re not selling it or financing it, or, you know, they just, they don’t sell.

Quynh & Tri Vu: So that’s the tricky part.

David Bright: I, I feel like another thing I would have to undo. From the, the residential side is, I feel like from everything I’ve done on the residential side, the purpose of land is to put a residential structure on it. You know? So, and it sounds like not everything would, even in this world, would even, like, the purpose would be to build anything on it, residential, commercial, anything. It sounds like some of the, the land uses. Outside of that, can you help people kind of get outta this box of residential and think about what other land uses may be where someone would want to rent or buy land for, for different purposes?

Quynh & Tri Vu: Yeah. No, that’s, that’s such a good point because when I first thought about land too, I was thinking like [00:36:00] beautiful farmland. Right, like really green rolling hills, we don’t have that. We have mostly a, a lot of land that’s like in the desert and people who want land. Um, in some of those areas it’s like high desert, like higher elevation.

Quynh & Tri Vu: So they may want the land to go camping. They may bring out their RV there for, you know, a weekend, a long, like a week trip or something like that. But they just want land for that purpose. Or maybe they have dirt bikes or atv. And they want a place to kind of like romp around without being bothered by people.

Quynh & Tri Vu: Um, other people want land as like for off-grid living. They may be planning to build like a tiny home. They do not want to be on any type of public utilities. Like they want to be on septics solar. They don’t want to be, um, subject increases in. Like increases in rates, like, you know, your water bill, your [00:37:00] electricity bill, like as those rates increase, like they don’t wanna be to deal with that kind of thing.

Quynh & Tri Vu: They wanna live off grid. Um, the other type of person that might wanna buy land is someone who is thinking about doing homesteading. They’re really worried about where their food comes from and what’s going into that food. So they may want to, you know, just have land just to know where their food is coming from.

Quynh & Tri Vu: And then other people want land for legacy. We have a lot of grandparents that are getting land just to pass on to their kids, and they don’t really care what you can do with the land. They just wanna say like, Hey, I’m giving this to you when I pass away. And the costs, you know, it, it would be hard for a grandparent to give like.

Quynh & Tri Vu: 20 pieces, 20 properties, 20 houses away. But because like some of the properties that we do have in the vacant land space, I mean, we have properties that are two, [00:38:00] 2000 as low as 2000. And some of them, you know, like around 20,000. So there’s a huge range in terms of the cost of like the land. So it’s, for a lot of families it may be more like, like reachable for them.

Nate Hedrick: So if you’re out there, and I guarantee there’s somebody listening right now that’s like, okay, this sounds like my thing. I don’t want to deal with leaky roofs and tenants and stuff. Like I’m in, like I, you guys have sold me. Like how do you get. on this. How do you get started? Is like, like you said earlier, like is it all just education or do we like where, where, where’s the first step?

Quynh & Tri Vu: I mean to school for it. Like I signed up for like a.

Nate Hedrick: Mm-hmm.

Quynh & Tri Vu: Program. We went through flight school and then we did, that was like a 12 week program where we learned like kind of the basics about land investing. And then after that we signed up for a one year coaching [00:39:00] program where we had like a land investment expert kind of walk us through as we grew our inventory and portfolio.

Quynh & Tri Vu: We just wanted like a double check and guidance as to like where we should buy.

Nate Hedrick: I love that. I think that’s so relevant to so many people. Listening is like, you don’t, it doesn’t just magically show up in your head like, you have to go out and, and learn this stuff. Like, I think that’s super important. Yeah, I love that. it. Alright, well we wanna take you guys. This has been great.

Nate Hedrick: I wanna take you to our, our final infusion questions, three questions we ask all of our guests that come on the show. So a bit, bit of rapid fire here. Um, but if you, uh, could each, each respond we’ll have, we’ll have Quinn go first on each one of these. Just kinda give you your response. Um, so the first one is, what’s one tangible strategy that you used to make sure that your investing was working hand in hand with your career?

Quynh & Tri Vu: I. It [00:40:00] should match your lifestyle, right? So if you are at the point where you’re so busy, right, like you’re driving kids around and you’re working a ton of hours, evenings, weekends, holidays, it might not be a good idea to start flipping houses, right? Because, you know, like you have to, there’s a lot of like management.

Quynh & Tri Vu: And you, it’s hard for you to physically be there if you’re like at your other job, or even if you decide you wanna take on property management and you’re working like at the hospital or at a community pharmacy, that’s probably not a good idea either, because you’re gonna keep getting interrupted. So I would say whatever you’re deciding to invest in, I would say to see if it aligns with your lifestyle.

Nate Hedrick: I like that.

Quynh & Tri Vu: Yeah, I, I would build on that and say, you gotta know yourself too. So if you’re anxious and you’re, uh, you get nervous, like, and you’re indecisive, right? And then you need like [00:41:00] the black or white answer, maybe not entrepreneurship right? Is a thing for you. Maybe give the money to do it passively. So know your, uh, know your personality.

Quynh & Tri Vu: And, uh, the second part is like, do it with, do it with the community or tribe, whatever that looks like to you. Right? So if you have a friend that’s doing it, or you could join a, a mastermind group, like do it, like, don’t, you don’t, you don’t have to suffer alone. Uh, if you’re still gonna make the plunge and decide to go that route anyhow, and, you know, start investing actively, like do it with some, some friends or NA community to, to help guide you along that journey.

Nate Hedrick: I like

David Bright: Yeah, I love the team sport mentality ’cause there’s so much of that in healthcare that we’re all used to and uh, as you mentioned on your IT team, like how much fun that can be to do this, to do whatever you do with a team. So finding that same in real estate, I think that’s powerful. second question is, what’s one resource that’s been most helpful to you in your [00:42:00] real estate journey, whether that’s a book, podcast person, author, website, whatever that would be?

Quynh & Tri Vu: Um, I would say for me. I think it was bigger pockets when I first, um, when TRI started listening to it, and then I started listening to it. I think the stories that really resonated the most with me were when someone was still working their regular job and they could still do something on the sides.

Quynh & Tri Vu: Like there were stories about bakers that were, you know, doing like rehabs and. I don’t know. The more similar that person was to me, like if they had a family, if they had kids and they were working and they could still invest in real estate, I felt like that really made me feel like it’s possible for a regular person to learn this, uh, for me and my latest craze is, um, podcast this guy.

Quynh & Tri Vu: He reads these fat [00:43:00] biographies of these greats, these legends, right? It could be, uh, new people like Elon and, and Bezos, but it could be like OGs, like old presidents and stuff. So he reads like a ton of these books and dissects it for you. So you’re getting like free mentorship cliff note version with a guy that knows a bunch of adjectives.

Quynh & Tri Vu: So it’s super like, you know, just fun and like, man, that, that wow me. So I.

Quynh & Tri Vu: All the little thing nuances. You know, in the classroom someone raises their hand, they have a question. Yeah, that’s a great question. That’s what’s doing.

David Bright: Yeah.

Nate Hedrick: That’s a great tip. We’ve not had that on the show, so that’s awesome. Alright, and then you guys have already dropped a bunch of this, but I’ll ask it anyway. What if you had to give one piece of advice to somebody just starting out in real estate investing, what would be that one piece of advice?

Quynh & Tri Vu: For me, it would be just learning. Like, don’t [00:44:00] feel like it’s too much to take on. Um, you know, it’s okay to be a beginner and just like, enjoy being a beginner part of, um, part of it’s just learning and making mistakes. Making mistakes, and I feel like, um. Being an expert is someone who has made the most mistakes in an area.

Quynh & Tri Vu: So learning about other people’s mistakes and you know, just learning, always keep learning. I feel like that’s the best way for you to feel better about what type of investment makes sense for you. Yeah, for me, um, you are the average of the five closest people you time with. Man, when you’re flipping the switch and you’re investing and you’re pulling out money outta your heat, like you’re taking a second loan and all that stuff, you’re gonna have family and friends that are like, you’re nuts.

Quynh & Tri Vu: So you gotta protect yourself and surround yourself with people that, you know what? I’ve done it and yeah, let me double check you. It looks good. So I wouldn’t say I had a lot of that in my [00:45:00] life. I was like, don’t. Um. Your target shouldn’t be, your goal shouldn’t be to avoid people like that. Your goal should be going towards people or doing what you wanna do, right?

Quynh & Tri Vu: So, um, you know, we were just looking forward towards like, man, this guy did like all these guests that you guys have on your show. Like, lemme talk to them and then next thing you know, you have a little local chapter meetup or something, or remote chapter meetup. And you get that inspiration, passion up early

Quynh & Tri Vu: versus avoiding, you know what away.

David Bright: I love it. I love it. If people wanna reach out, learn more about y’all, find you, where can they find you?

Quynh & Tri Vu: Okay, so they can, you guys can find us on Instagram. We’re secure Landco, we we’re also on YouTube at Secure Landco. Um, we’re also on Facebook, uh, or you can find [00:46:00] [email protected]. So we’re, if you start us, I think you’ll find us.

Nate Hedrick: Perfect. Well guys, thank you so much for coming on the show, sharing all your knowledge. I, uh, as usual when we have a really good guest, my head is spinning with new ideas and now I’m gonna like go out and send mailers to go buy raw land. Like I just, this has been great. So thank you guys so much for coming on and sharing all this with us.

Nate Hedrick: I.

Quynh & Tri Vu: Oh.

David Bright: Thanks so much.

 [END]

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YFP 407: Ask YFP: Using 529s for Student Loans & Buying Bitcoin Efficiently


Tim Ulbrich and Tim Baker answer two questions from the YFP community on using 529 funds for student loans and the most cost-efficient ways to invest in digital assets like Bitcoin.

Episode Summary

In this episode, YFP Co-Founder & CEO Tim Ulbrich, PharmD, is joined by YFP Co-Founder & COO Tim Baker, CFP®, RLP®, RICP®, to answer two insightful financial questions from the YFP community.

First, they explore whether it makes sense to use 529 plan funds to pay off student loans. Tim and Tim break down the relevant provisions of the SECURE Act, highlight key limitations and tax implications, and discuss scenarios where this strategy could be beneficial—or not.

Next, they tackle a question about buying Bitcoin efficiently. They compare the most cost-efficient ways to invest, including using various platforms, ETFs, and tax-advantaged accounts like IRAs. They also weigh the pros and cons of each approach, including fee structures, accessibility, and long-term considerations.

Whether you’re considering how to best use your 529 funds or exploring your first steps into cryptocurrency, this episode provides practical, pharmacist-specific guidance to help you make informed financial decisions.

Key Points from the Episode

  • 00:00 Welcome to the YFP Podcast
  • 00:42 Question 1: Using 529 Funds to Pay Off Student Loans
  • 03:35 Options for Overfunded 529 Plans
  • 16:56 Question 2: Buying Bitcoin and Digital Assets
  • 33:24 Conclusion and Listener Reminder

Episode Highlights

”This is not your dad’s 529 plan anymore. What I mean by that is that they continue to make these, I think, more favorable. You have more exit opportunities, if you  will, right, in terms of how these funds might  be used if you run into a situation like an oversave situation, which I would argue is a good problem, right?” – Tim Ulbrich [11:40]

 ”When you buy a spot Bitcoin ETF, you don’t hold the Bitcoin directly.

You just have shares of that fund. But the fund essentially  owns it and you have a partial ownership of the fund. So when you buy it on Coinbase or Robinhood, you’re an owner, right? Your keys are on that ledger. And it’s there for public consumption.” – Tim Baker [19:44]

“ I own Bitcoin both ways. I own it through an ETF, and I own it directly. And part of me is worried that one day I’ll wake up and I’ll hear a story that X, Y, Z was hacked, and all of my Bitcoin is gone. It’s just the reality, right? And that’s one of the downsides of digital assets.” – Tim Baker [20:48]

Mentioned in Today’s Episode

Episode Transcript

[00:00:00] 

Tim Ulbrich: Hey everybody. Tim Ulbrich here and welcome to this week’s episode of the YFP podcast where we strive to inspire and encourage you on your path towards achieving financial freedom. YFP co-founder, COO and Certified Financial Planner, Tim Baker joins me to answer two questions. I. Came in from the YFP community one on whether or not it makes sense to use 5 29 funds to pay off student loans. And another question on the most cost efficient way to buy digital assets like Bitcoin. you have a question that you’d like us to feature on an upcoming episode, head on over to your financial pharmacist.com/ask yfp to record your question or send us an email [email protected]. Alright, let’s take our first question from the YFP community, which came to us via email. Tim, what are your [00:01:00] thoughts on using 5 29 savings as a vehicle to pay off student loan debt? Tim, we were talking before the show, maybe a couple different ways to interpret this question. So what? What are your thoughts?

Tim Ulbrich: I.

Tim Baker: Yeah, and we actually interpret it differently. So, um, you know, I. You know, I, I think I, I was looking at this question as almost like, um, using the 5 29 as like a pass through. So like I, I’m a student loan borrower and I have, you know, let’s just say I have $50,000 left to pay off. You know, one of the things that you could do is I could open a 5 29 and I’ll use State of Ohio, which was where we lived, Tim.

Tim Baker: I could put in for this year, $4,000 in my own name, get a state tax deduction for that, and then, you know, if it grows, great, if not, but I can basically just take that $4,000 out and then pay off, you know, 4,000 out of the 50,000 that I still have, [00:02:00] you know, left to pay. So. That is an option, right? That you, you can, you can absolutely do.

Tim Baker: Um, I think the way that you interpreted, and correct me if I’m wrong, it’s like, you know, you were thinking about it from the, the standpoint of like, Hey, I have student loans, but I’m also saving for my kids’ education. Could I potentially use some of what I, you know, am put in towards the boys’ education for my own student loans?

Tim Baker: And I think that is actually an option as well. Now, the big thing, this was one of the, the big things that. Um, either the Secure Act, uh, in 2020 basically allows for, you can now use up to $10,000 lifetime per beneficiary from a 5 29 to pay qualified student loans. So I, I’ve kind of been on record like to say like, I don’t love the the 10,000 lifetime beneficiary ’cause it’s such a drop in the bucket, especially with the kind of loans that we see, but.

Tim Baker: You know, I think that, I think that cap should be higher, but I would imagine that like [00:03:00] lawmakers are trying to preserve the intended use of the 5 29 and not turn it into like a tax loophole or safe haven for like wealthy families. So I would imagine that’s why, um, it just feels like it’s very inconsequential.

Tim Baker: Um, but yeah, so I think you, I think both of those scenarios, Tim can actually. Like happen, right? So you could say, you know, you, you could say, Hey, this, this, you know, maybe you, maybe, you know, your, your youngest has like the least amount. You could say, Hey, this is now my 5 29. You know, I peel off the 10,000 lifetime amount.

Tim Baker: Apply that to my, um. My own loans and then maybe, you know, recategorize that 5 29 back to your youngest. So I think that’s an option. I, I think what I, what the way I want to answer this question, you know, it’s kind of similar to like, you know, when you leave an employer, like what do you do with your 401k and there’s like a, a myriad of options.

Tim Baker: Like you can leave it, you [00:04:00] can cash it out, you can transfer it to an IRA, you can, you know, roll it over to your current employer. So I kind of wanna look at that. This question this way. So like what are the options if you’ve overfunded a 5 29, um, and let’s us just assume, Tim, that there’s no more school for your child, right?

Tim Baker: So I’m gonna use Olivia as an example. Olivia Baker, great student, great swimmer, she’s a junior Olympian. And the breaststroke great kid. But like, I think the way that I would look at this is, um, if she goes to school. And let’s say, you know, she has money left over to me. The, the, the, the, the number that I’m looking at right now is the magic number for Overfunded five 20 nines is 45,000.

Tim Baker: And I’ll kind of break that down here in a second. So the options that we have with Olivia, so let’s assume she goes through school and maybe she gets scholarships or whatever. What do we do with that Overfund at 5 29? The, the one thing that you [00:05:00] could do is you could change the beneficiary, which is kinda what we just talked about.

Tim Baker: Like, yeah, I could change, you could change it in your name, pay off your student loans, and then change it back so you could change the beneficiary to siblings. So I could, I could change it to Liam. I could change it to Zoe. I could change it. To, uh, grandchildren that might not be here. I could change it to aunts and uncles, my parents, nieces and nephews.

Tim Baker: I could change it to Shea if you decide to go back to school or even myself, like we talked about that. So there’s a lot of, there’s a lot of flexibility. What, what to do with that. Um, this, the second option, which we just talked about is what you, you can use $10,000 to pay down student loans. So this applies to the original beneficiary and each of the symbol.

Tim Baker: And so I, this is one of the things I have to clarify. It’s like I, I think I would be able to use it for myself, but I’m not clear on that. You know, one of the, one of the things I was recent researching it says is fors. So if we look at it from that perspective, then for the Baker family, I see this as like a $30,000 benefit, right?

Tim Baker: 10,000 for Olivia, 10,000 for Liam’s student loans, 10,000 [00:06:00] for Zoe student loans. The other option that also opened up in the Secure Act was. The rollover to a Roth IRA that started in 2024. So you can now roll up to 35,000 lifetime from a 5 29 to a Roth. Um, and there’s some contingence, but that’s where I get the, the 45,000.

Tim Baker: So in my mind, those dollars in all intents and purposes are for Olivia’s education. However, to me, if she has. $50,000 in that account when she’s kind of through school, then I think I would probably leave 40, 45, 10 for potential student loans if that were to pop up. And then 35 to roll over to kind of get started on her retirement saving.

Tim Baker: And then I might take that five. And apply it for Liam or Zoe or something like that. The big conditions here, Tim, is that the, the five 20 for us to be able to roll over to a Roth, the 5 29 has to be open for at least 15 years. So we’re thinking like a long-term play. The rollover is limited to the [00:07:00] annual Roth IRA contribution each year.

Tim Baker: So right now that’s seven. Thousand dollars. So you’d have to do it, you know, um, over basically a five year period, seven time, 7,000 times, five years. Now, those, those limits will be different in the future. And the beneficiary of the Roth IRA must be the same as the 5 29. So there’s some hoops that you have to jump through.

Tim Baker: Um, but outside of that, the two other options that I see, and we kind of talked about this. Um, is you can save for future generations. So there’s no time limit on when the funds must be used. So I’ve always looked at this as like the last resort. So like if we, you know, and that’s one of the big fears, people like, I know about five 20 nines ’cause it’s limited in use, blah, blah, blah.

Tim Baker: In my mind, like if I’m given money to grandkids in the future, I’m good with that, right? Like. It’s a good problem to have. Right? And it’s a great tool for multi-generation wealth transfer for the purposes of education. And then the last one that, which I know you’ve brought up that’s like it’s not the end of the world, is like you can always make a non-qualified [00:08:00] withdrawal and pay taxes and penalty, the 10% penalty.

Tim Baker: You typically pay ordinary income tax on the earnings, plus a 10% penalty on the earnings, um, which is not, again, the end of the world. So to me, like the 5 29 as a. Tool to pay off student loans. Yes. Like you can do that. The, the problem is, is that it’s a $10,000 lifetime limit, but I’m also looking at these other avenues potentially, you know, and, and again, like the 45,000, you know, dollar limit.

Tim Baker: Like I’m, I’m thinking of this as like, if there is money left over. It’s probably because Olivia did something that allowed her to kind of not pay as much for, you know, like, I’m thinking like scholarships, right? So I don’t wanna, I still would wanna reward her. So like, you know, I was just kind of checking our numbers of like what we will project to have for her.

Tim Baker: Um, I think we did this exercise in a previous episode. Um, so I just updated those [00:09:00] numbers and, you know, we’re, we’re about 60, you know, we talked about the one third rule. Right now we’re on track to save about 60%. Um, so for her, the future value of her four year education, um, so she’s 10 and a half now. So really in seven and and a half years, we’ll pay about 175,000.

Tim Baker: We’re on track to save about a hundred, we’ll call it 105. Um. So, but we could, we could get there and she could get a swim scholarship and now we have 105,000. And we’re like, what do we do with that? You know? And I think that’s when we start kind of going down that decision tree of like, let’s, you know, let’s keep that 45 for her for potential 10,000 student loans for, you know, 35,000 in Roth.

Tim Baker: And then potentially peel some of that money off for Liam, for Zoe, for whatever. Um, so I think it’s a great question and kind of, you know, again, we interpret it very differently, but I think there’s, I think one of the, the, the feelings for a lot of parents is like, am I locked into this? And I think there’s just a lot [00:10:00] of wiggle room of what you could do with those dollars.

Tim Baker: Um, and I think we’ll continue to be, you know, opened up and, and flexible. But at the end of the day, I think the very last thing that you could do is just pay the 10% penalty. It’s not the end of the world.

Tim Ulbrich: Yeah, and I think, um, a couple things of reference. Great stuff, Tim. Um, you know, as you were walking through your example calculations for Olivia.

Tim Baker: Yeah.

Tim Ulbrich: reminded me of that episode we did previously, which I wanna make sure we have reference. So that was 360 8. How much is enough for kids college and and the premise of that was we talk all the time about saving for retirement, determining your nest egg. I remember one day, a couple years ago, you had this aha of like, why don’t we apply this same mindset to kids college, right? We have

Tim Baker: Right.

Tim Ulbrich: of thumb framework, the third, a third, a third. We’ve talked about that on this show before, Same for kids. College is a mathematical set of assumptions.

Tim Ulbrich: Just like we think about retirement, sure things may change, will change. Markets will kind of do their thing depending on how we have those invested, but we should be able [00:11:00] to plan. In a similar fashion, especially if we’re looking at this over a long period of time, you know, 15, 18 years that we’re, we’re saving.

Tim Ulbrich: So, um, I wanna make sure we reference that episode as well as two 11 when we talked about the ins and outs of the 5 2 9 college savings plan. So I know some of our listeners, especially may, maybe mid, mid-career pharmacists that have some kids that are in high school, a little bit older, getting ready to go to college, perhaps well versed in this topic, but for others that. Maybe younger kids are wanting to learn more about what, what is the 5, 2 9 and, and how might it fit as a priority of investing in the financial plan given all these other things I have going on, right? Whether it be just starting a family, buying a home, saving for retirement, student loans that are hanging around, how might this fit in as a priority with other. Investments and other things, other goals. So make sure to check out that episode as well. you know, one of the thoughts that came to mind as you were talking is like, thi this is not your dad’s 5, 2, 9 plan anymore. What, what I mean by that is we’ve talked at length the show [00:12:00] that they continue as you highlighted just a few moments ago, to make these, I think, more favorable.

Tim Ulbrich: You, you have more exit. Opportunities, if you will, right? In terms of how these funds might be used if you run into a situation like an over save situation, which I would argue is, is a good problem, right? Whether it be because, hey, my kid got a scholarship, they didn’t think they were gonna get a scholarship or, you know, perhaps they decided that it was a different career path than than college and, and now we’ve got funds, we gotta figure out what to do it.

Tim Ulbrich: There are more exit opportunities now than ever, including some of the most recent ones you mentioned, like the Roth. Conversions, and we’ve got a plan and, and there’s certain details that we’ve gotta think about in doing that. Um, but there are more options than we’ve had before in terms of how these funds can be used.

Tim Ulbrich: And of course, everyone’s situation is different. You know, I’m thinking about parents that might have larger families where there’s multiple kids, or the likelihood of more grandkids versus a single child and what that might look like. So everyone’s [00:13:00] situation, of course, is different, but. I wanna reemphasize that because I, I had a conversation just last week, Tim, with a faculty member at a college who was given advice by a non fee only financial planner.

Tim Ulbrich: And so a shout out to the most recent episode we did on five questions Ask when Hiring a financial planner. the advice was, Hey, you work at a university. Your kids could go to the university of which you work and, and go there for free, which could happen and that’s an awesome benefit, but also may not happen. Um, and therefore like, don’t put money in a 5 2 9 and instead buy a whole life insurance policy. And you know, I,

Tim Baker: I’m shaking my for. Yeah, for, for those that are not watching the video, I’m shaking my head. I, I had a, I had a similar conversation where, you know, somebody was talking about a 5 29 and the advisor was saying, um. They were saying two things. They were saying, don’t put money in a 5, 2, 9, and actually don’t put money into your 401k, [00:14:00] put it in a brokerage account.

Tim Baker: Um, or like an IRA and, and I was like, I was asking the, I know this is the tangent, but I was asking the question. I’m like, you know why they said that, right? Like, not to put money in the four five, the 401k, and not to put money in a 5 29. They’re like, no, why? And I’m like, because they don’t get paid on those accounts.

Tim Baker: So you get. Yeah, like they’re held away accounts, you don’t get paid. I mean, advisors can get paid on a 5 29. Um, like when I was prac, when I was practicing my first, you know, job in financial services, there was a Maryland 5 29, but we used the Virginia 5 29 for most of our, our clients. And you know why that was, Tim, is because Virginia 5 29, at least at the time, like it was open to advisors to get to, to set up and get paid.

Tim Baker: So even though the Maryland. Uh, clients weren’t getting the state benefit like we were. We were be, we were benefiting because we could like earn commissions on that. So like, yeah. I mean, [00:15:00] yeah. Not to cut you off, but like, it’s that, that kind of stuff just like makes me angry.

Tim Ulbrich: Yeah, and what was frustrating about that is, you know, we talked about this when we did the episode on five key key questions to ask for hiring a financial planner is, you know, there’s some half truth slash good

Tim Baker: I.

Tim Ulbrich: in there. Like of course, you know, if I were to still be working at Ohio State, my kids can go to Ohio State.

Tim Ulbrich: Awesome. Like, that’s a great benefit, but one that may not happen. You know, they might say, Hey dad, by the way, like. not cool. I don’t want to go to Ohio State

Tim Baker: Right.

Tim Ulbrich: or, you know, whatever would be the scenario. Um, then also, like that doesn’t just mean like, okay, go, go buy a whole life insurance policy instead because I’m gonna earn a commission off of that.

Tim Ulbrich: So, you know, I, I think it was one of those things that there’s still a lot of advice out there that I hear in talking with pharmacists. I know you hear as well, not, not just that related to the example I gave, but that are operating under. of the older rules in construct and framework around 5, 2, 9 plans.

Tim Ulbrich: [00:16:00] It didn’t have the flexibility and options that it might have today.

Tim Baker: Yeah.

Tim Ulbrich: and so, you know, I think that’s something to be aware with.

Tim Baker: Yeah. And I think the last thing that I would, I would just interject here that I didn’t say is that like. You know, if your student gets a scholarship, you can withdraw up to the amount of the scholarship without penalty. You’ll still owe income tax on the earnings. But like, you know, like if, if your, if your kid gets a, you know, a $30,000 a year scholarship to go to x, y, Z school, like, you can take out $30,000 a year without, you know, without, you know, paying that 10% penalty.

Tim Baker: So, again, like it just, you know, there’s just lots of different avenues. To go down to potentially, um, you know, exhaust those funds before you, you know, you get to the point of like, with, you know, making a non-qualified, you know, withdrawal. So, but it’s, it’s a preference, right? Like, you know, I’m just thinking about this whole like, you know, buy a whole life policy.

Tim Baker: It’s, you know, like, Hey, you don’t have to worry about education ’cause you, you know, you work at the university, it’s almost like don’t save [00:17:00] for retirement ’cause you know you’re gonna get an inheritance or something. I don’t know, just it, it’s kind of silly to me.

Tim Ulbrich: All right. Great stuff. I’m sure we’ll talk about kids college more. Um, second question, but, and before I go into this second question, which is around digital assets and, and buying Bitcoin, I wanna reference people, we did a two part podcast series on this topic, so especially for, for folks that. Cryptocurrency digital assets might be more introductory to where this does or does not fit into their financial plan. Make sure to check out those episodes. 3 86 3 87. We’ll link to those in the show notes. We talked about definitions of cryptocurrency, digital assets, some of the origins risks, investment considerations, tax implications, really good comprehensive overview of cryptocurrency, digital assets.

Tim Ulbrich: So great background information. Check out those episodes. Tim, with that backdrop, the question is. What is the best way to buy Bitcoin? What are the pros and cons of using a tax sheltered account versus a brokerage account? And what is a cost efficient way to buy Bitcoin [00:18:00] in a brokerage account using Robinhood versus an ETF?

Tim Ulbrich: What? What are your thoughts here? I.

Tim Baker: Yeah, so very three very different questions, so I’ll kind of unpack them in turn. So the best way to buy Bitcoin, I think this is kind of somewhat analogous to. Like real estate. So like if I’m a real estate investor, you know, I can be a direct owner where I buy a property, let’s say a single family home, and I’m dealing with all of the things, right?

Tim Baker: I have to deal with tenants repairs, contractors taxes, HOAs agreements, things like that, versus the other end of the spectrum, I can just buy. A reit, you know, a real estate investment trust, and that’s probably the most passive way to own a real estate. So a lot of listeners, if you’re not familiar with a reit, you actually might be an investor in a reit, you know, in your 401k or an IRA.

Tim Baker: It’s, it’s a, it’s a very, um. Popular way to invest in, in real estate passively. So if I, if I apply that analogy to [00:19:00] say Bitcoin, you know, purchasing a property directly is kind of like pur purchasing, you know, Bitcoin directly on a platform like Robinhood or Coinbase, Kraken, Gemini. But you’re dealing with a lot of the things and it’s private keys, hot and cold wallets, tax reporting, maybe some worry over, you know, a partial or.

Tim Baker: Permanent loss. So just, just a lot more, even though you’re a direct, you know, owner and there’s benefits of it for that to that like you just have more worry versus like you could just buy the spot. Bitcoin ETF, which launched, I think that was the beginning of last year and it’s probably the most passive way to own Bitcoin.

Tim Baker: So I don’t know if there is a best way. I think if you are more of the keep it simple stupid type of approach, like the spot Bitcoin, ETF is probably the better way. Um. If you like a little bit more of the hands-on then buying it directly I think is. Probably better, right? So when you buy a spot, Bitcoin, ETF, you don’t hold the [00:20:00] Bitcoin directly.

Tim Baker: You just buy sh you have shares or of like, of that fund. But the fund essentially owns it and you have, you know, a partial, uh, ownership of the fund. So when you buy it on Coinbase or, or Robinhood, you’re, you’re an owner, right? Your, your, your keys are on that, on that ledger. And, and it’s, you know, there for public consumption.

Tim Baker: So. Again, like when I talk about real estate, there’s often people that are like, oh yeah, I’m all about it. And then when, when we kind of get into the, the nitty gritty of it and I, I get to the end of like, my presentation, I’m like, if all of this is kind of overwhelming, and we kind of talk about like, you know, um.

Tim Baker: Different, different types of real estate investment. It’s not just like a single family home. There’s hacking and um, just different ways that you can invest in real estate. If you get to the end of that presentation, you’re overwhelmed. I’m like, just buy a reit. And actually, like most of our portfolios, we we’re in real estate.

Tim Baker: Um. I think it’s the, kind of the same, the same way. Because you know, I own Bitcoin both ways. I own it through an ETF and I own it [00:21:00] directly. And part of me is worried that one day I’ll wake up and I’ll hear a story that X, Y, Z, um, was hacked. And like all of my Bitcoin is gone. It’s just something that’s, it’s the reality, right?

Tim Baker: And that’s one of the, that’s one of the downsides of digital assets. So, um.

Tim Ulbrich: a thought here real quick to, to tack on what you’re saying. Um, and not, not an investment advice by any means, but, you know, I look at my portfolio, I’m, I’m interested in some exposure for the reasons that we talked about on previous episodes, but

Tim Baker: Yeah.

Tim Ulbrich: I. I have zero interest in, you know, kind of maintaining that myself, but I respect the people where this is partly a hobby, you know, like they, some people just geek out on like going through the transactions and, you know, dealing with the wallet, you know, stuff and figuring out how all of that, uh, fits in.

Tim Ulbrich: Just like, you know, sometimes people like to take a small percentage of their portfolio and do some individual stock type of trading and track that. So I, I think it’s a little bit of like, know thyself in terms of, [00:22:00] first where does this, might it fit overall in your, your financial plan. And I think, you know, for, for our clients, speaking about them in particular, it’s a great conversation to have your financial planner, with the financial planning team of like, is this something I want exposure to in my portfolio?

Tim Ulbrich: And then if yes, does that look like? Right. And I know you’re gonna continue on in terms of some of the types of accounts as well.

Tim Baker: Yeah. Yeah. I mean, it, it, it definitely is that there’s a lot of people that are like, you know, I’m, I’m at a point now where this is not a gimmick. I think, you know, digital assets are here to stay and, and I think the, the advent of the spot Bitcoin spot, Ethereum, ETFs, that launch is. A logical next step for them.

Tim Baker: Like they don’t necessarily have to be wanting to, you know, they don’t wanna deal with hot and cold wallets and private keys. And I completely understand that part of me, what you described is that nerd of like, you know, building, you know, I was invested in digital assets before the, the spot Bitcoin ets, but you know, even, even now, I’m like, eh, should I be doing that [00:23:00] a hundred percent there?

Tim Baker: Now I won’t sell my, I won’t sell my directly held coins, but like I know that there’s risk. If I continue to buy or if I continue to hold them, you know, because of what I just described. So, yeah, just it’s kind of understanding where, where you’re at in that spectrum. So the second question, you know, that was asked is like, what are the pros and cons of using a tax sheltered account versus like a brokerage account?

Tim Baker: And I would just answer, this is like any other investment, right? So like, well, let me just say this, like to, in most cases, the IRA. Um, are, unless, unless it’s a self-directed IRA, you’re typically not holding Bitcoin directly in those IRAs. It wasn’t until, again, the spot Bitcoin. That’s why Ethereum, I. Came out that, you know, the, the general, you know, the broad, um, based investor had access to that.

Tim Baker: So [00:24:00] once those happened, then it really opened up kind of the three main options for tech sheltered versus brokerage account. So the tax sheltered being the tax deferred, which is traditional gross tax free. It’s text coming out. After tax or Roth is tax going in, but you know, gross, tax free, um, and then not tax coming out.

Tim Baker: And then the taxable or brokerage account, which you’re gonna pay capital gains on, right? So, you know, short-term capital gains, if it’s, you know, bought, you know, bought and sold inside of a year and then long-term capital gains if it’s, um, held for longer than a year. So, you know, with an asset that is, that is potentially, um.

Tim Baker: Very much appreciable. I think that’s a word, meaning you buy it and then your hoping that, you know, what’s Bitcoin priced at it right now? Like 93. 93,000 per per Bitcoin. You know, there are some that believe. That, you know, [00:25:00] that it could go up to 250, 400 50,000 per coin, right? So in that case, like something like a Roth would be very, very attractive, if not a traditional.

Tim Baker: And then probably last but not least, the taxable. Now the, the problem with the, the tax sheltered accounts is that for you to access that, do those dollars. And actually spend and consume them. You typically have to be 59 and a half, or there’s a slew of other exceptions, whereas a taxable account, you can access that today.

Tim Baker: Right? So I would just answer this as like any other, um, any other investment. However, if you think that Bitcoin. Will continue to go up and it’s, you view it as a very appreciable asset and something like a Roth is probably the best thing to potentially, you know, pay the tax now, but that asset grows tax free.

Tim Baker: And then when you pour it out potentially in retirement, you know, you’re not having to worry about, you know, taxes then. Um. And then the last part of the question, Tim, was what is the co [00:26:00] the most cost efficient way to buy Bitcoin? So if we go back to the, the, the two best ways to buy Bitcoin, which is the spot, Bitcoin, ET, F, or directly on a PAT platform like Robinhood, Coinbase, Kraken, Gemini, I would say that probably the most cost efficient way would be the spot, Bitcoin, ETF, the expense ratios.

Tim Baker: For those ETFs that are out there, and I think there are, I don’t know, maybe a dozen or so, they range from 0.15% to one point a half percent. So, um, in terms of expense ratio, so this is what the fund takes the et f takes to basically pay their expenses to, to be profitable. So. If you have a hundred thousand dollars in a spot, Bitcoin, e, t, F, and I would say not to have that unless you are very, very, very wealthy.

Tim Baker: Um, you know, a hundred thousand dollars if you’re [00:27:00] paid paying 15 basis points or 0.15%, that’s $150 per year versus a. On the, on the higher end, one, one and a half percent is $1,500 per year that that fund takes, um, to essentially, you know, uh, allow you to have exposure to Bitcoin. Um, if you compare that to platforms like, um, the ones I mentioned, typically the way and every platform has a different price strategy, but typically the way that they price for kind of the smaller trades of said coin is that they charge a spread.

Tim Baker: Um, so, so if you’re buy-in, typically the spread is, um, what the coin is priced at, plus maybe half a percent. And it varies from platform to platform of what you actually buy it at. Um, so if, if, if Bitcoin is, is selling at. You know, 93,000, I might be buying it for 94,000. So you, you, you, you [00:28:00] purchase it on a spread, and then you also sell it on a spread.

Tim Baker: So again, the, the, the, the counter of that is, is true, but then you’ll also also pay typically a transaction fee, or it’s kind of like a commission. So on top of the spread, you’ll pay a, a flat fee. So that can be as little as like a dollar to $2, $3, or it can also be a percentage of what you buy. Um, like I said, every platform is gonna be different.

Tim Baker: Some are gonna be a little bit better than others. Um, you can actually like pay a membership fee, you know, at, at some of ’em to like get better pricing, but you’re paying a membership fee, right? So, um, there’s lots. So I would say just in, in general, even though you’re not holding the coin directly, it’s probably more cost efficient to hold it in a spot.

Tim Baker: Bitcoin, ETF. Than paying the transaction fees of holding the coins directly and the, and the, and the spread. Um, now the greater the volume, so if you’re, if you’re trading [00:29:00] many, many thousands, if not hundreds of thousands. That decision gets, you know, it’s a little bit ’cause because the big difference between like an expense ratio, you pay like an ongoing, like every year you’re paying that with a commission or a spread fee, you pay that one time.

Tim Baker: Right? So that’s, that’s a big difference. Um, so that’s something to consider as you’re thinking about cost efficiency.

Tim Ulbrich: Tim, I’m looking at, uh, the fees for some of the spot Bitcoin ETFs, to your point, ranging from 0.15. So I’m looking at. Options like, uh, the Bitcoin MIDI trust, um, I see some in the 0.2, 0.25 range. Point two, something like the Bitwise, Bitcoin, ETF, all the way up to 1.5, the grayscale Bitcoin trust. That’s a huge range. what is it No different than any other? Range that we look at when we talked about before on the show is, is does the same apply here? That you know, you’re gonna see a big range of fees and, and there’s a question that we have to assess [00:30:00] of like, what am I

Tim Baker: Okay

Tim Ulbrich: fees?

Tim Ulbrich: Why, why such a big spread on these, on these Bitcoin

Tim Baker: It’s a good question. The gray, the grayscale, um, from what I understand has been around even before like the, the grayscale Bitcoin trust that’s priced, its, uh, ticker symbol GBTC and non-investment advice. Um, my belief is that that was around even before the spot Bitcoin ETFs. Um, so I think they changed something when the.

Tim Baker: Like those came online, um, to kind of be like in the same bucket. But those were a thing. I don’t know if they were a mutual fund before, but they were, they were a thing before, like all of these other options came on, and I’m not sure why they’re priced so high. I, I, you could make a case that these types of funds, you know, and then Grayscale came out with the Bitcoin mini trusts, which I didn’t even know.

Tim Baker: Like that was a thing, like when these first launched, you know, the, the spot [00:31:00] Bitcoin, that wasn’t, that’s a newer fund. So I think they’re trying to be more competitive in the space, and I completely honest, I don’t know what the difference is between those two. Um, you know, we, we used two of these in our portfolios.

Tim Baker: Um, and part of it is because, like the, the one company we use is because that’s is all they do. Like they’re experts in digital assets. And I’m not saying like iShares or Fidelity are not. Um, but this is, you know what, this is their main, you know, um, business. This is the remain offer. And so, um, I’m not sure, but I, I, I think you could make a case because of how specialized and really how new these are that.

Tim Baker: You know, these are a, a bargain, and I’m not saying the one and a half, but I’m saying, you know, the 0.15 to, I’d say, you know, 25 basis points. Yeah. And I think, again, it’s competitive market. There’s lots of dollars that float into ’em, especially in the, you know, when they first launched, um, [00:32:00] you know, our expense ratios.

Tim Baker: Um, you know, even with some of these in our portfolios, typically 0.0 5.06. So super competitive and I think super low cost. Um, so I think something special. Typically, the more specialized the fund, typically the higher it is. And this is pretty, pretty dang specialized. So I, I view this as, even though it’s an ongoing cost, it, it gives you all of the things that we talked about that, you know, like you don’t, if I’m, if I hold one of these, like I’m, I’m not having to worry about.

Tim Baker: Cold wallets and security and things like that. This company, and they typically have themselves, and then there’s, they, they typically partner, like I know one of these funds actually partners with Coinbase to kind of do the, the verifying and all the things that they, they have to do per, I believe the SEC, um, and everything, from what I understand from most of these funds, all of these, all of the Bitcoin that they hold is in a cold wallet, meaning it’s off the internet, you know, it’s kind of in cold [00:33:00] storage, you know, which, which really, really.

Tim Baker: Lessens the, or eliminates the ability to like hack it, you know, to like, for someone to get in and steal it. Um, so all of that kind of worry and things that I have with the coins I hold directly, I don’t have that with, with these funds. So I would say for what you get for the price, I think it’s, it’s pretty good.

Tim Baker: Um, so yep.

Tim Ulbrich: Great stuff, Tim. And again, to the listeners episodes 3 86 3 87, we did a broad overview of cryptocurrency, digital assets. Make sure to check those two episodes out. We’ll link to those in the show notes. Thanks so much for listening. Have a great rest of your week.

 

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YFP 406: Should You Pay Off Your House Early?


Should you pay off your mortgage early? YFP Co-Founder & CEO, Tim Ulbrich, PharmD, unpacks the math, emotions, and big-picture factors in the mortgage payoff debate—plus 5 reasons when it may or may not make sense to pay extra on your mortgage.

Episode Summary

Should you pay off your mortgage early? It’s a question that comes up often in personal finance—and the answer isn’t always as straightforward as the math suggests.

In this episode, YFP Co-Founder and CEO Tim Ulbrich, PharmD, unpacks the numbers, the emotions, and the bigger picture behind this important decision. Using a real-life example and the YFP Early Payoff Calculator, Tim walks through how even small extra payments can shave years off your loan term and save you thousands in interest.

But here’s the twist: despite the financial benefits, Tim has personally decided not to pay off his mortgage early. He shares his thought process along with five compelling reasons why making extra mortgage payments might make sense for others.

Whether you’re deep into your mortgage or just getting started, this episode will help you evaluate your options and make a decision that aligns with your long-term goals.

Key Points from the Episode

  • 00:00 Introduction and Episode Overview
  • 00:12 The Big Question: Should You Pay Off Your Mortgage Early?
  • 01:41 Factors to Consider: Math and Emotions
  • 03:59 Using the YFP Early Payoff Calculator
  • 04:45 Real-Life Example: Mortgage Payoff Scenarios
  • 08:00 Opportunity Cost and Financial Decisions
  • 10:29 Personal Decision: Why I’m Not Paying Off My Mortgage Early
  • 11:39 Five Reasons to Consider Paying Extra on Your Mortgage
  • 22:00 Listener Engagement and Conclusion

Episode Highlights

 But as with many financial decisions that we make, there’s the math, there’s the emotions, and there are other goals that we have to consider in the financial plan. We don’t want to fall into the trap of making decisions in a silo.” – Tim Ulbrich [3:46]

“ We have to zoom out and always ask ourselves, what is the opportunity cost of making that financial decision of extra payments? Because anytime you make a financial decision, there’s always an opportunity cost that we have to weigh that against, and we have to consider the math of that opportunity cost as well as the emotions.” – Tim Ulbrich [8:04]

“ The emotional relief here is what we’re talking about where some people say, ‘Hey, that’s important to me. I want head into retirement with no mortgage,’ and that might be a trade off that’s worth considering.” – Tim Ulbrich [19:35]

Mentioned in Today’s Episode

 

Episode Transcript

Tim Ulbrich: Hey guys, so today I’m tackling a common question that I get and one that I’ve thought a lot about in my own financial situation, and admittedly one that I’ve gone back and forth on throughout the years, which is, should I pay off the house early by making extra mortgage payments? So, what’s the answer, right?

Tim Ulbrich: As I alluded to in the introduction, is it really depends. It depends on a lot of different factors in one’s personal financial situation, and we’re gonna unpack those individual factors today. And there’s both mathematical considerations as there always is, and there’s emotional considerations that we have to factor in when we’re making this decision.

Tim Ulbrich: I think sometimes in personal finance when it comes to topics like paying off debt versus investing, right? These, should I [00:01:00] do this or should I do that? Sometimes we can make these black and white when in fact there are a lot of iterations that we have to consider. And it’s my partner to make often says on the show, you are a unique snowflake.

Tim Ulbrich: Your financial situation is unique, right? And as we’re gonna talk about today, when it comes to paying off the house early, we have to factor in a lot of different things. Whether it be the interest rate, other goals that are going on, what’s the term of the loan? What’s the purchase price of the the house?

Tim Ulbrich: How much did you put as a down payment? All of these things are gonna impact, along with the emotions, how we’re going to approach this decision, and there is no one right answer, right? Because of everyone’s emotions can be different because of how the math can be different based on your individual situation.

Tim Ulbrich: So let’s start with the math. Okay. The, the math doesn’t lie. Making extra payments on your mortgage can cut off a significant amount of time from. [00:02:00] The amount of years you’re gonna be paying off this debt, right? From the term of the loan, especially if you have a 30 year term loan, which is probably for most listening, uh, is is the case.

Tim Ulbrich: Some of you might have a 20 or a 15, 20, not so common. Maybe more. More so on the 15 year side. And we’ve probably all heard something along the lines of, Hey, if you make an extra payment per year, if you make one extra payment per year, it can cut off so many years, right? You might hear four years, five years, six years, seven years off your mortgage.

Tim Ulbrich: We hear that and we’re like, wow, if I could have this paid off in 23, 24, 25 years instead of 30 years, that is significant, right? But as with many financial decisions that we make, there’s the math, there’s the emotions, and there’s other I. Goals that we have to consider in the financial plan. We, we don’t wanna fall into the trap of making decisions in a silo.

Tim Ulbrich: Now, if you use the YFP Early Payoff calculator, we’ll, we’ll make a link to that in our show notes. If you’re not already aware, if you go to our homepage, your financial pharmacist.com, [00:03:00] you’ll see a section that we have a bunch of different calculators that you can use in your own financial plan. And one of those is an early payoff calculator.

Tim Ulbrich: You can use that to run some numbers on your own, and whether it’s a mortgage like we’re talking about today, whether it’s student loans, whether it’s a car loan, any debt that you have, you can run some simulations to say, Hey, if I make an extra lump sum payment, or I add to my monthly payment, or whatever is the frequency of your payment, you can see what that will change in terms of the, the loan term, when you’ll have that paid off, as well as how much interest you’ll say save by making extra payments.

Tim Ulbrich: So let’s, let’s look at an example. If, let’s say that you bought a $350,000 house. Now I know for those of you that heard that, and you’re on the west coast, you’re in the northeast, you’re in the dc, Virginia area, you’re like, Tim, you’re out of touch. You live in Ohio, right? I get it. Walk, walk with me through this example.

Tim Ulbrich: So let’s say you bought a 350,000 house back in 2018, and between the down payment and about [00:04:00] seven years worth of payments that you’ve been making. You now have a balance due of $230,000. Okay? So you bought a $350,000 house. That was the original, uh, mortgage that you have. We had a little bit of a down payment.

Tim Ulbrich: You’ve been making payments over seven years, and now we’ve got a balance due of 233, 200 $30,000. Now, if we assume a 3% 30 year fixed interest rate, now some of you’re like, Tim, what in what world does a 3% interest rate? Where does that come from? Well before the pandemic, that was a pretty common interest rate and a lot of you listening probably locked in your mortgage at that rate.

Tim Ulbrich: And that’s why we have in part, uh, a challenge for many first time home buyers being able to get into homes because existing home buyers with low interest rates don’t wanna move out of their house and give up that interest rate. Now stay with me because if you’re in today’s market of buying a home or you’ve recently bought a home, you know that those days of 3% are long gone.

Tim Ulbrich: And now we’re looking at six to 7%. But stay with me just for this example in [00:05:00] math. So again, $350,000 house 2018. Between the down payment and some payments that we make, we now owe $230,000 and we have a 3% 30 year fixed interest rate. Now, if you were to make an extra $100 per month. Payment on top of the minimum payment that’s due at the end of the loan.

Tim Ulbrich: If we fast forward to when it’s all said and done, you would save about $11,000 of interest and pay off that house about 2.6 years early. Okay, so we turn a 30 year fixed. Loan into just over 27 years. Okay? That’s an extra a hundred dollars a month. If you were to put an extra $200 per month on top of the minimum payment, you would save about $19,000 of interest.

Tim Ulbrich: And now we’re gonna cut off about 4.6 years. Pretty significant, right? 30 years. Now we’re looking at about 25 to 26 years. If you put an extra $300 a month. Or $3,600 a year on top of [00:06:00] the minimum payment, that would now save $26,000 of interest, and we’d pay it off about 6.3 years early. And finally, an extra $400 per month, $4,800 per year.

Tim Ulbrich: We’d save about $31,000 of interest, and that would pay off about 7.6 years early again. 3% interest rate, right? So you get the point extra payments, and you can run these O your own numbers. Again, using the YFP early payoff calculator, we’ll link to that in the show notes, but extra payments, even small, relatively small, a hundred dollars a month.

Tim Ulbrich: Obviously. As that goes up, we see greater savings can lead to significant savings, both in the interest. That we’re gonna save as well as the shaving of some years off of the mortgage. Now if we just stop there, right, and we zoom in onto this one area of the financial plan, and we look at the math. If we make a decision only on that information, I think we’re making a mistake.

Tim Ulbrich: I. Because even if you get to the same decision, we have to zoom out and always ask ourselves, [00:07:00] what is the opportunity cost of making that financial decision of extra payments? Because anytime you make a financial decision, there’s always an opportunity cost that we have to weigh that against, and we have to consider the math of that opportunity cost as well as the emotions.

Tim Ulbrich: That are involved in both the debt repayment here, we’re talking about extra debt on the mortgage and what else you could do with those funds, right? Because you could always do something else with the funds. And that’s true on the other side of the coin as well, if you were to, instead of paying extra on your mortgage, you were to spend that money, let’s say on life experiences, travel, vacation, whatever, there’s an opportunity cost that we have to consider there, uh, as well.

Tim Ulbrich: So the math is intriguing, right? But is it the right move? Again, it, it depends. It depends on a lot of variables. You know, what’s the balance of, of the mortgage, you know, was it a $350,000 house with two 30 left like you saw in this example? Or was it a million dollar home that has $950,000 left on the [00:08:00] loan?

Tim Ulbrich: What’s the interest rate? 3% versus today’s interest rate? Very different outcomes that we might get in terms of the opportunity cost question that I just posed. I’ll share here in, in, in a little bit that for us, in our own situation, when I look at 3% debt, and this is not advice of what you should or shouldn’t do, I look at that and say, Hey, I’m not ready to make extra payments on that because I.

Tim Ulbrich: We could have those dollars working elsewhere for us in the financial plan. Other variables. What are your feelings towards the debt? No right or wrong answer. There are some folks that regardless of the interest rate, there’s an aversion to the debt. And I’m not here to tell you that you’re right or wrong with that.

Tim Ulbrich: We have to acknowledge and understand what is the emotion that we feel towards the debt. What is the monthly cash flow look like? How much margin do we have in the budget? And if we were to put extra towards a mortgage payment. Is there still extra or is there not still extra to do? Other goals and other things that we’re trying to work on?

Tim Ulbrich: And of course, what else is going on in the [00:09:00] financial plan? We know that we’re not only focused on paying off a mortgage. What else is going on? Is there, is there student loan debt? Is there other debt such as credit card debt? Where are we at with the emergency fund? How are we doing with the retirement savings?

Tim Ulbrich: How are we doing with kids’ college savings? What about our experience? Types of things that are important in our financial plan, vacation, travel, et cetera. All of these things we have to look at together. As we try to evaluate how we’re gonna make a decision in one part of the financial plan now personally.

Tim Ulbrich: I’ve decided, we’ve decided, Jess and I, that we’re not going to be paying off the mortgage early. At least not yet. Now why? You, you, you probably can figure out why I just shared, you know, an example that is also true for us. We happen to buy our home in 2018, and I think at the time we bought it at 4.625, I think was the interest rate.

Tim Ulbrich: And we refinanced that in 2019 or 2020 down to 3%. So when I look at a 30 year fixed rate loan at 3%. To me the the math supports making other [00:10:00] financial moves in lieu of making extra mortgage payment. Now my interest rate, our interest rate and how we feel about that, it may be different than your situation and that’s okay.

Tim Ulbrich: Right? That’s okay. So I wanna walk through with that background of mine in mind. I wanna walk through five reasons. When it may make sense to pay extra on your debt, and of course with each one of these, you could apply the opposite to where it may not make sense to pay extra on your debt. So we’ll walk through five different reasons that I want you to be thinking through.

Tim Ulbrich: So number one is aversion to debt or the emotions surrounding the debt, right? All debt is not equal, and everyone’s debt tolerance is different. And as I’ve highlighted a couple times now, and I’m gonna continue to reiterate, the financial plan is not just about the math. Of course, we have to consider the math, we have to weigh the opportunity costs.

Tim Ulbrich: But if we make a decision. It flies in the face of considering the emotions, I think we’re missing, at [00:11:00] least in terms of looking at that decision holistically. And for some, the aversion to debt is strong enough that despite all the numbers screaming, don’t do it. It still might be the right move. In addition to peace of mind, there’s a tangible benefit that can come from a feeling of momentum and progress, and the calculator doesn’t yet have a function.

Tim Ulbrich: To factor in peace of mind and momentum, right? To factor in more the emotional side of this equation. And so I, I joke about that, but in all reality, that’s how we have to think about it. What, what is the mathematical opportunity cost, right? If we use my example of a 3% 30 or fixed rate loan, if I put an extra $200 per month onto that mortgage payment.

Tim Ulbrich: The opportunity cost, just as one example is that I could put $200 a month, let’s say in a Roth IRA or in a 401k or in another type of investment, and we can model that out and mathematically using historical rate of returns, it’s gonna [00:12:00] show that that money invested will be any savings I’m gonna have on the debt repayment.

Tim Ulbrich: However, if I were to have a strong aversion to debt, how do you factor that in, right? We have to be able to weigh that end. I think it would be cool if we had a calculator that could make some assumptions and adjustments accordingly. The number two reason when it may not make sense to pay on your mortgage, of course, would relate to the interest rate, right?

Tim Ulbrich: Having low interest rates. I mentioned that in our example the 3%, whether fixed or variable higher interest rates on homes have been around long enough that those that are holding onto a 3% mortgage are starting to sound a little bit old and and out of touch with reality. And again, mathematically speaking, the decision and opportunity cost of paying off 3% debt versus 7% debt, as we look at today’s interest rate environment is very, very different.

Tim Ulbrich: That said, one should also consider whether or not they’ll be able to refinance in the future [00:13:00] before you pay down that debt, right? We don’t know where interest rates are gonna go, but if you were to buy a home today, in today’s 7% environment. We may not stay at a 7%, we will probably not stay at a 7% environment forever.

Tim Ulbrich: May go up more. It could may go down more. I think probably it will, probably not to 3%, but I think we’ll probably see those come down. So there is an opportunity to refinance, meaning that the way you look at it today at that rate and how you pay down that debt, that might look different if you’re able to refi, say from a 7% down to a 5% or four point a half percent in the future.

Tim Ulbrich: So the higher the interest rate, the more the math favors extra payments. The less convincing the argument becomes that these dollars could be used elsewhere in the financial plan. I say this all the time with student loans, right? Not all student loans are created equal. If you have a private student loan that’s at 8, 9, 10, 11, 12%, we might look at that very differently than you would have say, a federal loan at four or 5% is one example.

Tim Ulbrich: [00:14:00] So not all loans are created equal and the interest rate, and therefore the opportunity cost decision changes. As the interest rate, uh, changes for that loan. Number three relates to building up equity to have options. Because mortgages are front loaded with interest. For those of you that have a have a home, you know this all too well.

Tim Ulbrich: Hopefully you’ve looked at the amateurization table before. If not, you should pull a statement and check it out. But essentially, these loans are front loaded, meaning that the majority of your payment upfront is going toward interest and every payment that you make a little bit more might just be a few dollars, but a little bit more per month is going towards principal or the original cost of borrowing and a little bit less is going towards interest.

Tim Ulbrich: Eventually you start to flip that payment where a majority goes toward principal and a minority goes toward interest right as you pay off the debt. So because the mortgages are front loaded with interest, if you had a very small down payment. There is a potential that you could find [00:15:00] yourself in an equity buying.

Tim Ulbrich: Well, what do I mean by that? When you have a very small down payment, right? There are loans out there, we talk about them on the show here, they certainly can be a good fit, such as the pharmacist home loan, where you may have 3% down. Some doctor loans out there might even be a little bit less. With a small down payment, there’s always the potential risk of the market.

Tim Ulbrich: Downturn, meaning that house values go the opposite direction of what they have been doing, and that could leave someone what’s known as being underwater on a loan, right? Owing more than the home is worth. Now I think in today’s market that’s probably not likely. Every micro market is very different, but it’s always a possibility.

Tim Ulbrich: And as long as you stay in the market long enough for home values to do what they’ve done historically, that risk is, is fairly small, and that’s why we can often feel comfortable using some of those products out there that have a lower down payment. The other risk to consider is if you find yourself unexpectedly moving, so you buy, you think you’re gonna be there for a long [00:16:00] time.

Tim Ulbrich: Job, family, something comes up, you move one or two years later, and you don’t have enough equity in the home to cover the transaction costs and the down payment on the new home. Now we have ourselves in a potential cash bind, right? And we have to kind of figure that out and work through it. One argument to pay off your home early would be is that as you’re making extra payments, you’re building up the amount of equity that you have in the home, so that if you were to have to move or sell the home, you can be able to use that equity to help you, whether it be with a transaction cost, or putting a new down payment on the home that you move into.

Tim Ulbrich: Now that said, there’s another side of this coin, right? You could also argue that any extra payments that you make. To build up more equity, you could simply just set aside in an investment account or even more conservative, something like a high yield savings account for that purpose if it were to arise, if you were to move.

Tim Ulbrich: And that certainly does make sense and can afford you more [00:17:00] flexibility. But behaviorally, we all know that it’s hard to hold muddy aside for a maybe situation. When you have other expenses that are in front of you right now, of today, right? So equity and paying down your mortgage early to build up equity, it’s kind of that forced position that unless you have a debt vehicle where you’re drawing off of that equity, something like a HELOC for example, it’s kind of there and you’re not thinking about it, versus money that would be sitting in a high-yield savings account, so that that’s the third potential option where it might make sense to make extra payments, maybe at a low down payment.

Tim Ulbrich: You’re trying to build up your equity position in the home. Number four is working towards a milestone, working towards a milestone. So similar to number one, right? Which was that aversion I talked to, to that more, that emotional component. This one working towards a milestone is more about peace of mind than it is the numbers.

Tim Ulbrich: So the most common example I I hear as it relates to this one, working towards a milestone would be entering [00:18:00] retirement without a mortgage payment. This concept of, Hey, I wanna get to retirement and I don’t wanna have to think about this mortgage payment, even if there’s. Funds that are available throughout the retirement plan when you build your retirement paycheck, even if that were to be the case, there’s this mental clarity that many people describe of, Hey, I don’t wanna have a mortgage when I enter retirement.

Tim Ulbrich: So even when the math might say, Hey, you could invest that extra cash, you could do other things, you might be able to get better returns. The emotional relief here is what we’re talking about where some people say, Hey, that that’s important to me. I wanna head into retirement with no mortgage, and that might be a trade off that’s worth considering.

Tim Ulbrich: I. It’s a personal decision, obviously, as, as all of this is for many, but it aligns with the larger goal of financial freedom and security in retirement. And again, back to the, the joke I made about, hey, where do we hit the function on the calculator to add the emotional piece? This would be another example of that.

Tim Ulbrich: Number five, on this list, as we look at some reasons, it [00:19:00] may make sense, and again, the opposite could be true or it may not make sense. Number five is, are your other goals on track? And I mentioned this earlier, but often when we talk about any part of the financial plan here, we’re talking about paying off your house early.

Tim Ulbrich: It could be should I pay extra on my student loan debt? It could be, should I put more towards my investment and retirement? Should I put more in my kids’ 5 29 account? Any one of these we, we can get into the trap and tendency of thinking in a silo. We have to zoom out to look at all of the other pieces of the financial puzzle.

Tim Ulbrich: What else is going on with the financial plan? And again, as we think about opportunity costs, how might those dollars be used elsewhere? Even if we still get to the same decision, yes, I want to, or I don’t want to pay extra on my mortgage. We wanna know that we’ve considered it in the context of other things that are happening in the financial plan.

Tim Ulbrich: So again. It could be emergency fund, it could be student loans, could be kids’ college, could be retirement. All these other things that we’re trying to prioritize and balance. [00:20:00] And if you’re listening and you’re thinking about this decision, should I pay extra on my mortgage or not? If you’re someone who is checking all the boxes, right?

Tim Ulbrich: You’ve built a strong foundation, you’re saving for retirement, you’re on track, kids’ college funding, all the goals are moving where you want them to move and you have extra cash available to pay off extra or put extra towards the mortgage. That’s a very different conversation. Someone who’s asking themselves, Hey, should I pay extra on the mortgage?

Tim Ulbrich: And those other boxes are not checked. So the fifth item we’re looking at here today is what else is going on in the financial plan? Are we on track? Essentially, are we not? And then how we make this decision, whether we’re on track or whether or not might sway us as to whether or not those dollars could be used elsewhere.

Tim Ulbrich: So there you have it, five different factors to think about, or five reasons where it may make sense to pay extra on your mortgage. And I’m really curious to hear your thoughts. So for those that are currently making extra payments, I know several people that might. [00:21:00] Start with a 30 year term and go down to a 15 year term or leave it at a 30, but pay extra on the payments.

Tim Ulbrich: Why have you made that decision? What was it about your personal situation that led you down the path to making extra mortgage payments? Was it the math? Was it feelings? Was it something else? A milestone like I talked about on today’s show, for those that are not paying extra on your mortgage, why have you made that decision?

Tim Ulbrich: Why have you made the decision to let your debt and the term of the loan go out to the life of the loan and focus on other financial goals? Love to hear from you. Send us an email [email protected]. You can also record a voice [email protected] slash ask yfp. Well, thanks so much for joining me today and listening to this week’s episode of the YP Podcast.

Tim Ulbrich: If you like what you heard, do us a favor and leave us a rating and review on Apple Podcasts or Google reviews, which will help other pharmacists find the show. And finally, an important reminder that the content in this podcast is [00:22:00] provided for informational purposes only and should not be relied on.

Tim Ulbrich: For investment or any other advice, information in the podcast and corresponding materials should not be construed as a solicitation or offer to buy or sell any investment or related product. For more information on this, you can visit your financial pharmacist.com/disclaimer. Thanks so much for listening.

Tim Ulbrich: Have a great rest of your week.

 [END]

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YFP 405: Navigating Retirement Income: How to Turn Assets into a Paycheck


How do you turn your retirement savings into a reliable paycheck? In this episode, YFP Co-Founder & CEO, Tim Ulbrich, PharmD, and YFP Co-Founder & COO, Tim Baker, CFP®, RLP®, RICP®, break down three common strategies for building a retirement paycheck — including how each works, who they’re best for, and the pros and cons to consider.

Episode Summary

How do you turn your retirement savings into a reliable paycheck? In this episode, YFP Co-Founder & CEO, Tim Ulbrich, PharmD, is joined by YFP Co-Founder & COO, Tim Baker, CFP®, RLP®, RICP®, to explore three common retirement income strategies: the flooring strategy, bucket strategy, and systematic withdrawal strategy.

Together, they break down how each approach works, who they’re best suited for, and the pros and cons you should consider. You’ll also hear insights on the emotional and psychological shifts that come with leaving behind a steady paycheck and the importance of building flexibility into your retirement plan.

Whether you’re approaching retirement or just starting to think about your long-term goals, this episode will help you better understand how to create an income stream from your hard-earned assets.

📅 Ready to work one-on-one with a fee-only financial planner? Schedule a free discovery call at  yourfinancialpharmacist.com to learn how our team can help.

Key Points from the Episode

  • 00:00 Introduction and Episode Overview
  • 00:39 The Importance of Withdrawal Strategies
  • 02:18 Building a Retirement Paycheck
  • 04:29 Emotional and Behavioral Aspects of Retirement
  • 05:02 The FIRE Movement and Balance in Retirement
  • 06:32 The Role of Financial Planning Credentials
  • 09:52 Three Key Withdrawal Strategies
  • 11:03 Understanding the Flooring Strategy
  • 24:56 Understanding Risk Tolerance Over Time
  • 27:10 The Bucket Strategy Explained
  • 29:55 Advantages and Disadvantages of the Bucket Strategy
  • 34:45 The Systematic Withdrawal Strategy
  • 45:27 Flexibility in Retirement Planning
  • 46:23 The Importance of Professional Financial Advice

Episode Highlights

“It is a shift because for 30, 40, maybe 50 years, if you’re an overachiever and you’ve saved very, very early in your career, you’ve been socking money away for future you. And now future you is here and it’s like, okay, what do we do? ” – Tim Baker [6:28]

“ One of the cardinal beliefs in retirement, and this can sometimes be hard to swallow, is be flexible. The more flexible that you can be when you retire –  how much you spend in retirement, all that stuff – the odds increase of a successful retirement. And I define a successful retirement, at least at a baseline state of you don’t run outta money.” – Tim Baker [39:54]

“ Will we work part-time? Will we not?  What’s the market doing? What are the goals that we have in retirement? All these things are a good reminder that whether it’s in the accumulation stage or in the withdrawal stage, this is not a set it and forget it, right? This isn’t the strategic plan that we forget about for five years of the organization. We’ve gotta set this plan intentionally. Then we want to be revisiting this because there’s going to be internal and external things that are going to be moving and changing over time.” – Tim Ulbrich [45:54]

“ Your balance sheet and your goals are going to be unique to you and what you’re trying to accomplish. So, I think it takes a tailored approach to get you to where you want to go.” – Tim Baker [48:01]

Mentioned in Today’s Episode

Episode Transcript

Tim Ulbrich: Tim Baker, back to back. Good to have you on the show.

Tim Baker: Good to be back, Tim. What’s good?

Tim Ulbrich: You know this, this episode is, is one I’ve been looking forward to because over the past seven plus years of the podcast, we’ve talked at length about the accumulation side of the equation, right? When it comes to

Tim Ulbrich: saving for retirement, we’ve talked about things like how do you determine how much is enough and what are some strategies. For investing when it comes to traditional retirement accounts. Think 401k, 4 0 3 B IRAs. We’ve talked about options for investing when you’ve already maxed out these accounts and, and we’re gonna link to those episodes in the show notes for folks that want to learn more about the accumulation stage.

Tim Ulbrich: But this episode is really about the other side of the equation, which is one that I don’t think we give e enough attention to, which is the withdrawal strategy. [00:01:00] Hey, we finally get to. This point in the future of retirement and whatever that may look like. And we’ve gotta be able to produce an income for ourselves in retirement that otherwise was provided to us by our employer throughout our career.

Tim Ulbrich: And as obvious as that sounds, I think it’s something we don’t think enough about. And I love how you frame this as a concept of, of building a retirement paycheck. So paint a picture for us of, of what you mean by that.

Tim Baker: Yeah. And, and I think even before I get into that, Tim, like I, I, I don’t think that we’re alone in kind of our ignoring the, you know, kind of the withdrawal phase. I, you know, one of the, one of the things in the CFP curriculum, I. Certified financial planning curriculum is, they don’t really talk about this too much.

Tim Baker: And I think there’s a gap. You know, it’s, it’s all about, hey, amass wealth as much as you can and you know, we’ll get these buckets of money and then when, when we retire, then what? Right. And I even remember the first firm that I ever worked with, it was almost like our clients were driving those decisions, which is not [00:02:00] a bad thing, but we would basically say like, how much do you need this year?

Tim Baker: And then we would, you know. Basically send that to them, distribute those assets in the most efficient way possible. But it wasn’t really us doing analysis of like, okay, what do we need to, you know, what can we spend? Or, you know, how, how do we make this, um, nest egg last us for time? Unknown, right? So. To me, the, there’s, there’s a gap there and I think it’s really important for us to understand that.

Tim Baker: So when, when I think about this, like re like building a retirement paycheck, you know, I, I really think of this as like a multifaceted thing. There’s so many things, you know, just think about it from the accumulation side. You know, we all the different things that go on, like obviously we get a paycheck, but we also have.

Tim Baker: Benefits from our employer, like health insurance. You know, we’re saving for retirement, which is not something we typically do in retirement, but it’s, it’s, you know, it’s the paycheck itself and how do we access these [00:03:00] buckets of money and spend them down in an efficient, a tax efficient way possible, but also like efficient in terms of like your life.

Tim Baker: I finally started reading the book, um, die With Zero, Tim, so I’m, I’m in the beginning parts of that and it’s such a different. Thought process of like, Hey, you get dividends to go on a tangent here. You get dividends from life experiences. So like if you, you know, one of the things I did after I got in the Army is I backpack Europe for, I.

Tim Baker: Four months, right? Just kind of went to the wind and like, this is awesome. You know, kind of a YOLO experience. And what he says in those types of things is like those dividends have paid you back in terms of memories over decades of your life. If you wait to do that when you’re in six, your sixties or seventies, and then you pass away at 90, you have a couple decades but not a lifetime.

Tim Baker: So it’s also spending down. The portfolio in a way that maximizes those types of things. So, you [00:04:00] know, it’s, it’s housing decisions, it’s long-term care planning. All all of those, it’s estate planning. All of these things are, are really important as we transition from accumulation to decumulation. But just in a different way.

Tim Baker: Everything’s still happening very similarly. It’s just, you know, instead of the employer giving you a check, you have to kind of figure that out yourself.

Tim Ulbrich: I am so glad you mentioned Die With Zero. We, we should probably do a whole, a whole separate episode on that. You know, I, I often tell people like, if you read Die With Zero, don’t only read Die With Zero ’cause you’re gonna like drain all your bank accounts.

Tim Ulbrich: Right. But it’s such, it’s such a different concept.

Tim Ulbrich: It’s, it’s so refreshing. Um, and to your point. There’s that dividend component, but it’s also a learned behavior. You know, we start to talk about the tactical side of withdrawals. We have to remember there’s a big emotional piece here. So we can talk about, you know, what’s the best tax efficient way and is it this strategy?

Tim Ulbrich: Is it that strategy and actually getting money outta your account? But that is a mental shift when for [00:05:00] decades. You’ve been putting money in, seeing those accounts grow outside of the, some of the volatility of the market, and all of a sudden we’re making a conscious choice to take money out and see those accounts go down. That’s a piece that gets left out so often as well.

Tim Baker: And, and I don’t, I don’t know why Tim, but for whatever reason, I feel like on my YouTube feed I’m getting a lot of like videos about like the fire movement and people abandoning the fire movement. And, and, and part of the, the struggle with the fire movement, and again, no hate on the fire movement, but is exactly what you’re talking about, but like two extremes.

Tim Baker: Where, you know, I am, I’m saving and saving and saving, and then I get to my freedom number or whatever, and then I’m like expected to be, behave, you know, the shift, be the behavior and spend down. And it’s like, uh, I, I don’t want to, so just like everything in life, it’s about balance, right? And you can’t, you know, we kind of talk about.

Tim Baker: You can’t, you know, do this your whole life. So, you know, listeners can’t see this, but I have an open [00:06:00] hand where you’re, where you spend, spend, spend, and you can’t do this necessarily your whole life where it’s a closed hand and you save, save, save. Because what’s the point, right? So to me, it’s really about finding the balance.

Tim Baker: And this again goes back to the idea, not necessarily of a plan, but planning. With the g on the end planning Corey, uh, Jenks out there. So to, to me, that’s, that’s what this is all about. And again, it is a, you know, it is a shift because for 30, 40, maybe 50 years, if you’re an overachiever and you’ve saved, you know, very, very early in your career, you’ve been, you know, socking money away for, for the, for for future You.

Tim Baker: And now Future You is here and it’s like, okay, what do we do?

Tim Ulbrich: Tim, I remember it’s probably maybe two, three years ago we, we did a retirement series and part of that, and again, we’ll link to some of those episodes in the show notes, but part of the motivation for that was you going through the RICP training. I. And, you know, we talk about [00:07:00] the alphabet soup of credentials behind

Tim Ulbrich: pharmacists.

Tim Ulbrich: I think you’re starting to compete with some pharmacists out there,

Tim Ulbrich: right? With the, the CFP, the RICP and the, the life planning.

Tim Ulbrich: Um, but I remember you going through that certification and despite the experience that you had, obviously the CFP credential, which we feel like has a ton of weight and value in how comprehensive it is in both the education and the experience. It really felt like the RICP for you unlocked. Some other resources, information that perhaps weren’t covered in the same level of detail with the CFP te. Tell us about that.

Tim Baker: Yeah. And, and to go to the CFP, like, like there is a retirement section in the CFP, but a lot of that I think is geared more towards, um, like retirement plans. Like what’s an IRA? What’s a Roth? IRA? What’s a simple, when do you use a defined benefit, you know, for like self-employed people defined benefit or defined contribution plan.

Tim Baker: So it’s, it’s very plan driven. So almost like product driven versus like. [00:08:00] What do we do when we get to the end here? And it’s like I, you know, and for me it was like, I want to be able to answer that question of, Hey, I’m 65, I wanna retire next year. Like, what does that look like? So the R-I-R-I-C-P really focuses on the transition from the accumulation to the de de accumulation phase in retirement and.

Tim Baker: It, it’s really trying to figure how to turn your savings into a retirement income for stream, for time, unknown, right? And the things that’s covered is obviously like rebuilding the retirement paycheck, retirement income planning, but it’s social security and Medicare. It’s tax efficient withdrawal strategies, um, annuities and guaranteed income, long-term care planning, estate and legacy planning and housing decisions, which is gonna be one of the biggest expenses for retirees.

Tim Baker: Um. You know, especially early, early on. So to, to me, it’s really, really important for, it was really important for me to do a deep dive in those things because again, I, I [00:09:00] think the CFP, which is great, and they can’t be, you can’t do a deep dive in everything. It’s almost like, um, you know, a PGY one is what, like a general residency to like a PGY two where you’re, you’re, you’re more specialization.

Tim Baker: I think this is more of the, the PGY two. So my, my belief is, is that if you’re working with a financial planner. They darn well, sure better be a CFP, but I think if you’re in that retirement, you know, close to retirement or in retirement, I, I would say RICP is, is something that they absolutely need to do.

Tim Baker: And some of the strategies that we’ll talk about really cover a lot of the things that I listed that, you know, the RICP goes through.

Tim Ulbrich: Yeah. And retirement income certified professionals. So that’s what the RICP stands for. For folks that are, are curious about that and, and it’s a timely discussion, Tim, because last week on episode 4 0 4, when we were talking about questions to consider when you’re evaluating hiring a financial planner, one of those big questions was, you know, what’s included in the plan and the planning process, and is there alignment with your.

Tim Ulbrich: Planning needs and the experiences [00:10:00] and credentials and education of the people that are leading those services. So before we jump into the three strategies, two important disclaimers. All right. First and foremost. When we talk about withdrawal strategies and approaches, of course there’s some foundational work that has to be done that will be critical to knowing which of these approaches may make the most sense, right?

Tim Ulbrich: So obviously, how much do we have saved? What buckets are those funds in? What are the retirement goals? What are the potential risks? How might social security fit in? So lots of work to be done before implementing a withdrawal strategy. The second thing that. Of course has to be said is, is every one situation is different.

Tim Ulbrich: Of course, there’s more than three strategies, and this is not intended to be advice. You know, we really feel like the work that we do, our team does one-on-one when we’re doing financial planning with clients. That’s where the application and the implementation of these strategies would come. Again, curious to learn more about their services, go to your financial pharmacist.com.

Tim Ulbrich: Book a discovery call. We’d love to have a conversation. [00:11:00] So, Tim, let’s jump into these three strategies, and with each one you’ll provide a, a high level overview of, of exactly what is the strategy, and then some of the advantages, disadvantages, considerations, and who it may be best for. So let, let’s start with the flooring strategy, which our first of the three strategies tell us about what the flooring strategy is.

Tim Baker: Yeah, so the flooring strategy is probably the most conservative, and it’s probably the most. Neglected is probably not the you use, but I would say one that’s, it’s probably more on the shelf collecting dust for a lot of people. And I, and, and we’ll go through why that is, but it’s a conservative approach, um, that involves creating a layer of guaranteed income, which we call the floor, to cover the essentials that the essential expenses.

Tim Baker: So we’re talking about housing, food, utilities. Healthcare, the things that are gonna go out the door regardless of, of anything. Right? And usually what, what we [00:12:00] use to build the floor are things that provide guarantee, hopefully lifetime income. So that’s typically social security, a pension, if you still have those from your employer or an annuity that you purchase on the market.

Tim Baker: So. This is the best solution to, to mitigate the risk of running out of money. Um, so you essentially, and it, and it, and it’s essentially using like obviously social security and a pension, you know, is something, a benefit, you know, that you, you basically bought into during your career and it’s provided by the US government and or a company.

Tim Baker: An annuity is typically where you’re working with an insurance company to say, Hey, here’s a chunk of money. I want this over my life, you know, over the extent of my lifetime. They don’t know how long you’re gonna live, but they use, you know, tables to kind of figure that out. How much do I get for this chunk of money?

Tim Baker: Um. So the discretionary expenses are then, so once we, once we, once we figure out, okay, these [00:13:00] are the essentials for me to live, then anything above that, the discretionary expenses typically are funded from your remaining investments. So it would be, okay, I still have some money in my 401k or my Roth IRA or a brokerage account.

Tim Baker: Um. So, you know, converting these assets, um, to an income stream, IE like an annuity, eliminates the possibility of like, you withdrawing too much, right? So one might be saying, Hey, this sounds great, what you know, so let’s talk about advantages, but we’ll talk about disadvantages. So the advantages here is that if you can create this floor, it guarantees basic living expenses for life.

Tim Baker: So if you think about that like that. To me, when I hear that is super like peace of mind, 

Tim Ulbrich: Warm blanket. 

Tim Baker: yeah. It’s the, it’s the warm blanket, right? It reduces the, the anxiety about market volatility. So right now, like if you had a floor in place and you know [00:14:00] that a check was coming from an annuity, a pension, and a social security, I.

Tim Baker: To pay the, pay the mortgage if you still have it or you know, all the buy food like you’re, you are inoculated from the craziness that is the market. Right. And that’s the psychological thing, I think is the biggest advantage because I always make this joke. I. You know, I think sometimes my dad thinks I like day trade.

Tim Baker: He is like, oh, what about the market? Every time I see him and I’m like, I don’t know. I don’t, I haven’t even looked at it. You know? And I think he’s kind of preoccupied by that. Right? And, and if you are retired, you’re like, you wanna live, right? You don’t wanna have to worry about the market and, and like where the next paycheck, you know, you know, figuratively speaking is 

Tim Ulbrich: yeah. There can become an obsession with, with

Tim Ulbrich: tracking the market. Yeah, for 

Tim Baker: Yes. Um, I think the other thing is that it reduce, it, it simplifies cashflow management. Um. And it actually, it, it actually also reduces the. The, um, risk for like elder care abuse. So sometimes, you know, if you’ve ever, it’s like, Hey, Mrs. [00:15:00] Jones, why are you getting, you know, why are you redoing your kitchen?

Tim Baker: Or, you know, why are you having solar panels, panels put on your house? Sometimes older people, I. Um, can be at risk for people to defraud them or to, or to sell them things that you don’t need. So if, if, if there’s less money available and, and your money’s coming from a, it’s just less to take, so to speak.

Tim Baker: So one of the things that we, we train on as financial planners is to kind of be aware of some of these things. So if I have a million dollars versus I have 200,000, because I, I, I put a, a large chunk into an annuity, that’s harder for someone to get to. Um. And then, you know, it’s, it’s the custom flexibility.

Tim Baker: You can com, you can pair this with, typically you pair the, you still pair this with a bucket strategy or systemic withdrawal strategy, which we’ll talk about. Um, so those are the big advantages and for a lot of people, you know, that peace of mind and not having to worry about the market. Is why they do this.

Tim Baker: Um, from a disadvantaged [00:16:00] perspective, Tim, it’s redu. It’s, it’s, it can severely reduce your liquidity. So once you purchase that annuity, you’ve taken a chunk out of your IRA or your 401k and given them that to an insurance company. Now what they give back to you is a steady stream of checks for the rest of your life.

Tim Baker: But in the event of emergency or things like that, like that money is not accessible. 

Tim Ulbrich: So, uh, uh, a quick, for instance, Tim,

Tim Ulbrich: I, I might have say a million dollars round numbers, a million dollars in my IRA. And depending on, and we’ve talked about annuities on the show so people can, can check that out and lots of different things to think about there. But I might take or peel off, say, $300,000 of that IRA or 400 or 200, whatever the number is, and convert that to a guaranteed monthly paycheck essentially.

Tim Ulbrich: And we would know what that dollar amount is. And, and then you’re, you’re kind of looking at, uh, you know, what’s the opportunity cost there is what you’re referring to that. Hey, if I don’t have these dollars now, kind of investing and growing, because we’re not just gonna stop [00:17:00] investing our money when we get to retirement, we’re still gonna have some of those dollars

Tim Ulbrich: that hopefully are in a growth phase as well.

Tim Ulbrich: But we’re taking those dollars off the table and saying, Hey, instead, we wanna have this, this guaranteed in income stream.

Tim Baker: Yeah, so it’s really twofold. It’s, it’s the opportunity cost, um, and potentially lower returns. So, you know, what else, you know, how else could that money have grown outside of it just kind of coming to me in the form of a check, but it’s also like, hey, we have a flood or something goes out on the house and I don’t have enough liquid set aside to account for that.

Tim Baker: So now I’m dipping into. Maybe some of my more riskier, volatile investments to cover that. So it’s, it’s both the opportunity cost and then, you know, kind of the, the risk that you need liquidity to. Now again, I would, I would make sure that we have an emergency, you know, the emergency fund never goes away, but sometimes you know, that, you know, you’re an emergency can kind of outpace you know, what, um, what you have liquid.

Tim Baker: The other is inflation risk. So I would say. I don’t know [00:18:00] if it’s all, but I would say most annuities that you’re gonna purchase don’t include a cola, a cost of living adjustment. So if out, if inflation outpaces the growth of the grant, guaranteed income, um, purchase and power may erode. And this is why social security is so powerful.

Tim Baker: And one of the biggest decisions that you make is because every year it kind of keeps pace with inflation. Retirees would argue maybe not as much as it should, but. You know, the, the one of the biggest expense or riders that you could have in an annuity purchase is like some type of in, in adjustment that the, the, or the rate goes up and it’s typically not pegged to cola.

Tim Baker: It’s typically like, Hey, I want a 1% or a 2%, um, kind of arbitrary adjustment every year. And, and that’s expensive. So, you know, this, that’s a big thing is in inflation risk. The other big thing is loss of control. You know, it can feel restrictive. It’s like, hey, I was looking at a million dollars, now I’m looking at half a million dollars, or whatever the case is.

Tim Baker: Um, complexity and cost. So, [00:19:00] um, there’s lots of different flavors of annuities. I kind of believe if you buy an annuity, keep it simple. Um, so there are ones that are more, but you know, you’re gonna have complexity. You’re gonna have costs associated with that, just like you have in investments. Um. And probably the last thing is just kind of dependence on the insurance company and, and their solvency.

Tim Baker: So, and you know, social security backed by the full faith and credit of the US government. So you can argue how, how stable that is. But you know, the insurance company, you know, they’re typically a for-profit. You know, they’re, they’re not the federal government. And while most, um, you know, insurance companies have, you know, state guarantee associations and protections there, there’s limits there.

Tim Baker: So those are the big disadvantages.

Tim Ulbrich: So, Tim, if we just zoom out for a moment. I’m, I’m oversimplifying to kind of make the point here with the flooring strategy, and I thought you said something real important is to not think about these as necessarily three discreet strategies. Often we may have more than one approach, right? So as we talk about these, these three individually, but let’s say I evaluate my monthly [00:20:00] expenses and you know, I determine, hey, it’s gonna be $10,000 for Jess and I in retirement and of that.

Tim Ulbrich: Let’s say $5,000 are essential expenses, the ones you talked about, uh, housing, utilities, food, healthcare, et cetera. And the other five is discretionary things that we wanna be able to do. Grandkids, travel, whatever, right? Eating out, those kinds of things. So with the flooring strategy, the idea would be either between social security, a pension, which maybe some of our listeners might have, but many, many not, and or an annuity. I would try to replace that 5,000. Um, and then as you mentioned, through other assets we would account for, for the other 5,000.

Tim Baker: Yeah, so to kind of take that example, let’s say the, let’s say the floor that we have to set is five grand. So those are for the essential expenses, housing, food, gas, utilities, medical stuff, insurance, all that stuff. So let’s say it’s five. Let’s say social security covers three of that. Then we have a gap in the floor of $2,000.[00:21:00] 

Tim Baker: Now. And this, I ran this example a while ago, so I don’t know if this holds true, but let’s say you’re a 65-year-old male in Ohio and you purchase a SPI a, which is a single premium income annuity. So basically that money, um, gets sent to the, that chunk of money gets sent to the insurance company, and then within a year, you, you can direct how this is, but at least within the, the years, um, you know, you start getting a check back.

Tim Baker: So if we were to, if we were to say, Hey, we, we need $2,000. Um, now this would just be for, if we use you as an example, this would just be for your life. We would probably want to set this up for, you know, basically second to die. So if you were to pass away, Jess would still get this. But for the purposes of this, let’s just say we want $2,000, uh, a month for the rest of your life, um, that would cost you about three, $310,000.

Tim Baker: So that means that we, out of your traditional, or Roth or whatever, your, um, your 401k, we would peel those dollars [00:22:00] off. Um, basically give that to the insurance company. 3000 would come from, your per month would come from your, you know, social security. So you’d get a check for that, and then the, and then the insurance company would send you a $2,000 check for the rest of your life, and then the other 5,000, um, per month or $60,000 a year.

Tim Baker: Would come from what’s left of your traditional portfolio or, you know, if you had other, you know, uh, real estate or things like that. So in that, in that case, those discretionary expenses, you might use some, some version of the bucket strategy and or the systemic withdrawal strategy.

Tim Ulbrich: I’m tracking, and since we’ve talked about annuities now a few times, uh, this was episode 3 0 5, we talked about understanding annuities, a primer for pharmacists. Check that out. Lots of good information in that show. So, Tim, as we, we put a bow on the flooring strategy, we started with the most conservative approach.

Tim Ulbrich: You mentioned that you talked through the the concept of, of essentially being able to replace, create a floor of those fixed [00:23:00] expenses. You mentioned the advantages, disadvantages. And clearly it feels like this would be best for those individuals that are on the more risk averse side of things. And there’s a prioritization over of security potentially over growth.

Tim Baker: Security overgrowth. Yeah. So if you’re, if you’re somebody that’s like, give me all the insurances. You’re probab. This might be more in your camp if you’re like, uh, I want to self-insure, or, I don’t want that much life insurance. Or, you know, I’m, I’m kind of using, you know, an analogy here, but like, this might not be best for you because you, you want more, you know, you’re, you’re more, you know, risk, uh, tolerant.

Tim Baker: So this is someone that doesn’t necessarily worry about, wanna worry about the market and just wants that steady check coming in, you know, for the rest of their life. And, um, you know, yeah.

Tim Ulbrich: Great. So, and I think, you know, I’m, I’m projecting a little bit, but I could see that a lot of pharmacists may, may like that concept or at least a portion of it. Um, I.

Tim Baker: Yeah. And I, I would say I have a pretty, pretty big appetite for risk, but part of me is like, man, if [00:24:00] I give up three 10 and I get 2000 for the rest of my life, just clockwork, and I know that combined with my social security is gonna pay the essentials. I’m not mad at that. You know, I know there’s some people that are like, well, what happens if like, I give three 10 and then I die the next day?

Tim Baker: You know, there, there are cer there, there are certain things where you can get like return of premium or, or different riders. Now everything, all these riders cost money. So, you know, if you add every rider that 2000 might be 1200. So, but there’s, there’s more protection there. But that’s, that’s the kind of the, the push and pull of this.

Tim Baker: So, um. I mean, I, I can see that and, and I’m trying to like project my, like my older self here, you know? ’cause right now I’m just like running gun and, you know, I’m, I’m, I’m more like risk, you know, Hey, all the risk and things like that, I have more appetite for it. But again, in our job is not to project our own risk tolerance on clients, right?

Tim Baker: We need to, you know, 

Tim Ulbrich: Yeah, that’s, right. 

Tim Baker: that’s best suited for them. But I, [00:25:00] part of me can kind of see the appeal of this now while I. You know, push that button to move hundreds of thousand dollars of over for that. I don’t know. I don’t know if I would do that.

Tim Ulbrich: I’m, I’m glad you said projecting your older self though. Right? Because this is important that I know. My tendency and I suspect maybe for others is, is we tend to think that our current. Risk tolerance, risk capacity is what we’re going to do also in the future. And may not, or in some cases should not always be the case.

Tim Ulbrich: Right. I’m thinking about, you know, as we’re working on our own individual financial plans and we’re taking a more aggressive investing approach, and perhaps there’s, you know, as we think about our, our plans, there’s some investment in real estate, there’s building to the business. If those things continue to, to grow and there’s fruit from the risks that we took, at some point you wanna really lock in. To some degree lock in the, the gains that have had. Uh, and there’s a different level of risk that I probably should be, will be thinking about at 60, 65 than we are at this phase of life in, in [00:26:00] early forties.

Tim Baker: Yeah, and I kind of think about it like. I used to be able to like, drive, take a road trip and drive for 12 hours and like not blink. And now I’m like, nah, nah, I’m good. Or even like playing basketball with Liam, like, I’m not, I’m not dunking on his head or anything like that. I’m like, I, I’ll shoot the j You know what I mean?

Tim Baker: Like, I like I, because I, I don’t wanna. Get hurt or do something dumb, which I got, I sound so old right now, but like, like I’m just projecting that out, you know, when I’m in my fifties, sixties, seventies, and you know, from a, you know, there might become a time where I’m just like, man, like let’s keep it simple.

Tim Baker: Gimme my check and I can like, you know, just chill and not have to worry about the market or things. I don’t have to worry about the hustle, you know? But I could also see on the other side of that, like we talk about identity and role like. You know, so much of, so some people get in trouble with during retirement because so much of their identity is, is wrapped up in the, in the role that they play.

Tim Baker: And, and, you know, professionally, whether that’s a pharmacist, uh, a financial planner. [00:27:00] So, you know, maybe part of that is still being plugged into the markets or the economy or things like that. But I think that, that, that, that’s a razor’s edge, right? ’cause you can become obsessive about it. Um, so, but obviously I work in this, that I might get to the point where I’m like, I just want to like.

Tim Baker: Flip burgers and like, not have to worry about that stuff. So, um, yeah.

Tim Ulbrich: Good stuff. Let’s shift to the second, uh, withdrawal strategy, which is the bucket strategy. Tell, tell us more about this one.

Tim Baker: Yeah. So, so the bucket strategy is essentially where you divide up your assets into buckets. Um, so the, your funds are segmented into time-based buckets, each with its own investment profile. So. If you look at bucket one, this might be for, you know, your next zero to five years worth of expenses. So these, this is the, the lowest risks.

Tim Baker: It’s basically cash and cash like investments, so might be cash, I bonds, [00:28:00] um, bonds in general money market. Um, think things like that, right? So if the market does what it it’s doing now, it’s not gonna affect, you know, what, what’s going on the second bucket. Bucket two is typically, you know, maybe six to 15 years out.

Tim Baker: So this is more moderate risk. You have more of a, a balanced, uh, um, asset allocation. So maybe like a 60 40, 50 50, um, uh, equity to, to fixed income. Maybe some dividend paying stocks where there’s, it’s, you know, the portfolio’s producing some income. So more volatility. A little bit more return though, um, but not.

Tim Baker: You know, not those huge swings that you’re gonna see, which you typ. They’ll typically get in bucket three, which is typically, you know, 15 plus years out. So this is where you put your higher risk, um, you know, equities, uh, stocks, that type of thing. So I. For, for a lot of people. Um, from an understanding, the big advantages here is that [00:29:00] it helps retirees mentally separate funds.

Tim Baker: So you’re kind of matching investments to the time horizons, time horizon, and this is, this is, I look at this, it’s like purpose-based investing. So we talk about purpose-based savings, like, Hey, what’s that money for? Like tie a purpose to it. Same with investing. Mo, it’s a little bit easier with investing because most of the time it’s in a 401k or an IRA.

Tim Baker: We know that purpose is for retirement. Like if we have a brokerage account that has $50,000 in it, I’m like, Tim, what’s that money for? And a lot of people are like, I don’t know, sometimes. And that could be for early retirement, it could be for the down payment on a, you know, a property in the, in the, in the future.

Tim Baker: So it allows people to kind of, it, it enhances their understanding, um, and increases their peace of mind. So as an example, um. Like if the market goes down, like it’s been going down lately and I have three years of expenses of cash for expenses, like in my mind, you know what the market is already is typically done, is that it, it bounces back [00:30:00] right in, in, in 2, 3, 4 years.

Tim Baker: So I’m inoculated to that, right? So I’m not, I’m not necessarily worried about it. Um, this, the, another advantage of this, it kind of encourages discipline withdrawals and. One of the disadvantages is kind of how you refill the buckets, which I’ll talk about here in a second. But it has, there’s a system for which you follow, um, the withdrawal, uh, uh, phase.

Tim Baker: Um, it reduces the need to sell volatile inve investments, uh, or volatile assets during market downturns, which mitigates sequence of return risk, which we’ve talked about in previous episodes. Um. Some say it supports higher equity, Al Al allocation. I don’t know if I necessarily agree with that, um, but potentially.

Tim Baker: That 15 year bucket should be pretty, you know, pretty, um, you know, uh, risk, you know, risk heavy for, for larger returns and, you know, it can kind of provide a built-in rebalances system. The, the, the disadvantage I would say to this is that it’s complex. It can be complex to [00:31:00] manage, so the rules for refill in your buckets can get confusing.

Tim Baker: And there’s the delayed, there’s the delayed approach, which, you know, basically nothing happens until the first bucket. Um, that that liquid bucket is completely depleted. The problem with that, Tim, is like, if that is now, like you’re, you have market risks, um, and sequence of return risk, like the timing of that can be tough.

Tim Baker: Another approach to refill in the buckets is the, um, automatic approach. So you refill the buckets, re regard, you know, each year regardless of what’s happening in the market. So again, it’s pretty rigid, so you’re just like, this is what I do. Right. Even if I’m going off a cliff. Um. The other, the other approach is the market-based approach, which the bucket is refilled based on what the market does.

Tim Baker: So you have a set of rules that says, if this happens, I do this. If that happens, I do that.

Tim Ulbrich: Mm-hmm.

Tim Baker: And then the last one that you typically follow or could follow is the capital needs approach, which you need to determine kind of what your critical path or how much wealth should remain in each year of [00:32:00] retirement to meet lifetime financial goals based on the the portfolio return.

Tim Baker: So it’s kind of like a plan backwards approach. So some of this, you know, you could be in a trough right now, which is kind of where we’re at, and you’re like. What do I do like this? This doesn’t seem like I should be selling, you know, some of my equities or even moderate, um, base, you know, I’m selling low.

Tim Baker: Um, so that can be, that can be tough. The, the, another disadvantage I would say is the potential cash drag. So if you’re, if you have, if you amass. One to three, one to five years of cash that could be harmful during inflationary periods because, um, that money, you know, inflation is, is eaten away at that. Um, and, and it can reduce the overall, um, portfolio efficiency.

Tim Baker: Um, another and others argue, argue that the time se segmentation is straight up arbitrary. So, um, if there’s a poor market or spending increase, the buckets may not hold up. There’s no guaranteed income in this. So you [00:33:00] have social security, obviously, but you don’t have a floor. So gu you know, your, your social security might cover.

Tim Baker: You know, a portion of your essential expenses, but it’s not gonna cover everything. So that’s a problem. And then I would say the sequence of return risk still exists and it can be challenging to rebalance just in volatile market. So it’s, you know, you could be doing things that you know you shouldn’t be doing, but it’s like, Hey, I gotta fill the buckets.

Tim Baker: I gotta make sure that the, the, the, the, the money cascades throughout the bucket system.

Tim Ulbrich: Tim, as you were talking about this, I sense that my, my feelings, and I suspect maybe others listening are is, is you describe the three buckets. It’s like, okay, I get it. That all makes sense. And then you start to think about some of the management of it and the different ways that you could do it. And, and it could be, as you mentioned.

Tim Ulbrich: More administratively complex, you know, especially if somebody’s trying to DIY it, or even if they’re working with an advisor, you know, there need to be some communication. Are we establishing rules? You know, what exactly are we doing? How are we doing it? Um, and for some there may be a comfort level of, of that, that may not be for others, which [00:34:00] is why this lives in the middle, not as conservative as, as the first, not as, uh, more dynamic as we’ll talk about with the third. But the example you gave is a good one when, when you said, Hey. I’m in a trough, like we’re we’re now, what should I do? What came up for me there is when you said that is how important it is to think through those things in advance of actually being in the trough and asking the question, what should I do? Right. So actually stress testing some of this of, hey, when the down market comes, not if, but when the down market comes. What are we gonna do? How are we gonna react to that? Are we gonna hold true to these real? And, and this is both numbers and feelings. Um, but I think a lot of the, the literature in our experience would tell us that it’s not in the moments of the market kind of falling out in the situations we’re having now where we wanna really put the test, what are we actually gonna be doing?

Tim Ulbrich: But can we work through that in advance or at least do the best that we can? Of course, reality, you know, may, may present itself to be a little bit different. All right. Let’s move on to the third strategy, which is the systemic [00:35:00] withdrawal strategy. Tell us more about this one, Tim.

Tim Baker: Yeah, so I would say this is probably the most popular, um. Strategy for, at least for financial planners. I think probably even for, for people that do it themselves, um, I would say the bucket strategy is probably the second most popular. Um, this was kind of made, um, popular, I guess, or or known by the, the 4% role.

Tim Baker: So. Um, it’s often associated with a 4% rule. And, and this method really involves withdrawn, uh, a fixed percentage from the portfolio annually adjusted for, potentially adjusted for inflation and market performance. So the, the 4% rule kind of came, um, from a study. It was, it, it was based on. 30 year, 30 year time period.

Tim Baker: So kind of rolling 30 year periods in the market’s history, determine, you know, in the worst 30 year, you know, rolling period. What was the safe withdrawal rate for, [00:36:00] um, an, an investor to withdraw so the money wouldn’t run out at the, you know, basically at the end. So from, from someone who was age 65 to say 95.

Tim Baker: In the study, the worst 30 years, and I think the study goes back to 1926, Tim, but in the study, basically the worst 30 year period was 1966 to 1995, which I guess at the end of that, I don’t know if that was like the, the.com bubble on 95. Yeah. So that was the worst Roland 30 year period. And what the study said was that the The safe, the safe maximum withdrawal rate.

Tim Baker: Of that portfolio, the worst one was 4.15%, and this, they used a 

Tim Ulbrich: Adjusted for inflation, 

Tim Baker: Correct. And, and they use, they use the, um, the 50 50 kind of stocks to bonds allocation, which I think most people would agree now that that’s not necessarily a great allocation over the course of your, of your retirement. [00:37:00] So what people, people saw that number and they’re like, great.

Tim Baker: 4%. So if I have a million dollars, I can withdraw 40 grand, um, for the rest of my life, you know, typically 30, 20, 30 years. And I, and I’m not gonna run outta money. Um. The, the problem with that is typically the, so the problem with the 4% rule is it’s, it’s rigid. Um, the allocation with 50 50 between stocks and bonds, I don’t think is, is great.

Tim Baker: Um, the, it’s, it’s very much focused on US stocks and a lot of people don’t think that US talks will perform as well as they did, you know, um, in the future, as they did in the past. Um, the, the longevity is a problem because, um. You know, he, the study says that retirement will last 30 years. And I think there’s gonna be a lot of people that follow this are gonna live a lot longer.

Tim Baker: Um, because, you know, life expectancies have risen and it didn’t really, um, the, the, the inflation [00:38:00] averaged a modest 2% in the study. So we saw it in 2022 as 8.3, and that can throw a major wrench. Um, the other thing that’s, that that’s problematic is that spending is not linear. Often we talk about spending in retirement as like a smile.

Tim Baker: So in your early retirement you’re like, okay, you know, yolo, I don’t have to punch the clock anymore. I’m traveling, I’m doing all the things. And then. Spending typically dips as you’re kind of more, you know, Hey, I don’t want to travel as much, I wanna be home. And then it typically goes up when, you know, medical expenses start to start to rise.

Tim Baker: So spending is not linear. So you, you should adjust like what, what, what a lot of, um, people that would say against the 4% rule is like, you should probably be spending a lot more in the beginning. Um, because, you know, spending’s gonna come down and then make sure we have enough, you know, and, and be, you know, more aggressive outside of a 50 50 allocation for, for later life.

Tim Baker: So, um, spending fluctuates, it’s not a straight line and [00:39:00] doesn’t account for taxes, doesn’t account for fees and things like that, which can also be, you know, uh, a major part of this. So. Proponents of the withdrawal, uh, systemic withdrawal strategy would say, Hey, the 4%, that’s cute. That’s a good place to start, but it, it actually needs to benu more nuanced to that.

Tim Baker: So guiding Clinger, um, two gentlemen basically did a study that, that, that, that, that established kind of more, um. Responsive withdrawal rules. So the, the one withdrawal rule, they, they basically said is like, Hey, we’ll start with four or 5%, whatever, wherever it is. And then each subsequent year, the withdrawal amount is increased by the prior year inflation rate.

Tim Baker: Unless the prior year investment return was negative and the New Year’s withdrawal rate would be above the initial withdrawal rate. So it’s, that’s a lot to kind of unpack. But the idea is that you, in this withdrawal rule, you are kind of, um, [00:40:00] flexible to what’s going on in the market, not just from an, not just market returns, but also inflation and probably one of the cardinal, um, beliefs.

Tim Baker: In retirement, and this is, can, can sometimes be hard to swallow, is be flexible. The more flexible that you can be with when you retire, how much you spend in retirement, all that, you know, all that stuff. The more success that the, the odds increase of a successful retirement, and I define a successful retirement, at least at a, at a baseline state of you don’t run outta money.

Tim Baker: You know, I don’t, obviously we want to thrive, not survive, but that to me is like, you don’t, we don’t run outta money. I. So flexibility here is key. The other one that they looked at was the capital preservation rule. So you kind of start at 4%. And then if the current year withdrawal amount is more than 20% above the initial withdrawal rate, you reduce the withdrawal, the withdrawal rate by 10%.

Tim Baker: So it kind of, so this reduces spending when the market returns are [00:41:00] poor. And typically once you get to a certain age, IE 80 or 85, like the, the role no longer applies. ’cause there’s, they’re, they’re assuming that. There’s such a, there’s a shorter window of time that you’re fine. And then the last one that they talk about is kind of the prosperity rule.

Tim Baker: So if the current year withdrawal amount is less than 80% of the initial withdrawal rate, um, so basically what happens then is that the increases, we increase the withdrawal rate, calculate it, um, by about like 10%. So this allows an increase in spending when the markets have done well. So, so you might listen to this and be like, Tim, what are you talking about?

Tim Baker: But what we’re doing, and it’s similar to the bucket rule, but what we’re doing is essentially we’re not, we’re not on a conveyor belt with a 4% rule, which is kind of like, okay, $1 million, 40 grand, you know, adjusted for inflation crate. But if the market is, you know, if the market tanks for three, four years in a row, that that could break.

Tim Baker: Right. [00:42:00] What we’re doing is that 

Tim Ulbrich: Or you start working part-time or like all the things, right? 

Tim Baker: So, so we’re looking at. We’re looking at the market returns or we’re looking at it inflation, and we’re making tweaks and adjusting your, your paycheck accordingly, right? So again, like it for, so I’ll, I’ll talk about advantages. So the advantages here, um, it, it can be somewhat straightforward to implement once you get your system down, right?

Tim Baker: So every, everyone is easy for us to understand. I have a million dollars, it’s 4%, or maybe I start at 5%. That’s kind of my baseline. And again, 40 or 50 grand, you might be thinking, Hey Tim, that’s not, that’s not a ton. But we’re also gonna make sure that, you know, social, like we, we make a really good decision from a social security, uh, claiming strategy.

Tim Baker: Um, you know, we’re looking at other streams of income, whether that’s part-time work or in, um, you know, income from an, an investment like a business or a real estate. All that stuff kind of plays into this, but. You know, we’re gonna take that 40, 50, 60, [00:43:00] 80 grand, whatever it is from the portfolio, and then in subsequent years, make decisions on, on how that, how that, um, fluctuates.

Tim Baker: Um, probably the biggest reason that people do this, because it does maximize flexibility in asset growth. So here. You’re, you’re looking, you’re really looking at, like to total portfolio return, right? You get a similar result in the bucket strategy, but you’re kind of looking at it in tranches, whereas this is, I have a million dollars, I’m trying to get the most return as I possibly can.

Tim Baker: Um, so you’re not an annuitizing assets, so that keep, that allows you to keep control. And there’s not that, um, irrevocable commitment of like, once I send that check to the insurance company, I don’t necessarily get it back out outside of the, the check that I get from them, um, from an income stream. So there’s potential for higher returns.

Tim Baker: Probably the biggest thing is tax efficiency. So if it’s managed well, um. You know, the, the, the location of [00:44:00] assets, how you pull from them, how you fill up tax brackets, capital gains, harvesting, Roth conversions, all of these things that can extend your portfolio. Um, that is part of this whole strategy. Um, it’s, it’s, you retain full estate value.

Tim Baker: So, you know, if I cut a check for $500,000 and that to an annuity company and that. Check turns off when I die, my kids don’t get that money unless I put that rider in that, um, and I get a reduced check. So this basically, I pass away, that money goes to Shea, she passes away, that money goes to my kids or whoever my beneficiaries are.

Tim Baker: Um, and it, and it’s really designed to kind of tailor to your risk. So advantages, the disadvantages, no guaranteed income outside of Social Security. Um, you still have market and sequence risk, so you’re still kind of playing that game, although the decisions you make. Kind of, kind of mitigate that a bit.

Tim Baker: It does require active monitor monitoring. I would say at least once a [00:45:00] year to kind of figure out, okay, what are we doing for this year? Um, there’s some psychology here. Again, you can be over, over. Um, uh. Attentive to the market because again, that that’s where the next paychecks come in. You still have inflation risks, although I think that’s mitigated if you’re, if you’re looking for total return.

Tim Baker: Um, and there’s potential tax complexity if you, you know, if you don’t do it. Uh, right. So, so this one I, I think, is the most popular. But, and there’s lots of advantages, but there’s also lots of disadvantages and I think the potential pitfalls for inefficiency and lack of optimization with regard to how best to build the, the paycheck.

Tim Ulbrich: Great summary, Tim. And then the thing that jumped off the page to me, which applies across the retirement planning and, and regardless of withdrawal strategy, although more important here as you mentioned, is the flexibility piece. Flexibility, flexibility, flexibility. And this is in part what makes, makes the planning a little bit difficult is we may in our mind say, Hey, I’m gonna retire at the age of 65 and we’re gonna stop working all together. Who [00:46:00] knows, right? What, what will happen in terms of, of health. And obviously as we get closer, things become a little bit more known. But will we work part-time? Will we not? What’s the market doing? What are the goals, you know, that we have in retirement? All these things are a good reminder that whether it’s in the accumulation stage, stage or in the withdrawal stage, this is not a set it and forget it, right?

Tim Ulbrich: This isn’t the strategic plan that we forget about for five years of the organization. We, we’ve gotta set this plan attentionally. Then we wanna be revisiting this because there’s gonna be internal and external things that are going to be moving and changing over time.

Tim Baker: Yeah, and I think, I think what I said last episode, um, about questions to ask your, your financial planner. You know, I, I, I believe that, you know, if you are a seven figure pharmacist like this requires I think professional attention. There’s just so many moving pieces with regard to, you know, how do [00:47:00] I spend down the seventh figure sum of money in a way that meets my goals and what do I’m trying to achieve, not just from a money perspective, but from a, from a life perspective, from a legacy perspective.

Tim Baker: Um, you know, there’s so many different things to kind of be aware of and, you know, I think, again, having that outside. Third party opinion that has your best interest in mind is critical. Now, again, I am biased, Tim. This is what we do. Um, but you know, I always make the joke, like when I first lived in Ohio, I file my own taxes and I lived in like a, like a Rita area.

Tim Baker: And for those that are outside of Ohio, they’re like, Tim, what are you talking about? I’m like, there’s no freaking way I did that correctly, Tim. There’s no way. There is no way 

Tim Ulbrich: well re Rita will become, come knocking in like 2030 ’cause

Tim Ulbrich: they’re like three years behind 

Tim Baker: Yeah, but like, this is kind of the same thing, right? Like, like hire a professional to [00:48:00] do these things because there’s just so much nuance and you know, I, I often hear like, uh, like, you know, my colleague’s doing this, or my uncle’s doing this, or my brother’s doing this, you are a unique snowflake.

Tim Baker: Your, your, your balance sheet and your goals are gonna be unique to you and what you’re trying to accomplish. So. I think it takes a tailored approach to get you to where you want to go. Right? And, and that would just be my, my soapbox, uh, for the, for this episode.

Tim Ulbrich: Tim, I, I couldn’t agree more. And, and I’m not shy about saying we’re biased because we, we see the benefit that this has in, in clients that are intentionally planning over a long period of time. You know, we know it in our own plans. I, I work with the team at, at YFP planning. Like there is real value there in a long term engagement.

Tim Ulbrich: And, and to your point, everyone’s situation plan different and we often wanna apply. General advice, and you know, here we’re talking again, withdrawal strategies. It’s not a one size fit. Fit fits all, and there’s so many conversations, as I mentioned at the beginning of [00:49:00] the episode. There’s so many conversations, yes, financially, but also about goals and emotions and all types of that need to happen. That inform the strategy

Tim Ulbrich: and why we’re gonna be doing what we’re gonna be doing from a strategy standpoint. So, you know, whether you’re hearing this and you, you lean towards the security of the flooring strategy or maybe some of the structure of the bucketing strategy or some of the flexibility of the systemic withdrawal strategy. The key again, is finding a strategy that lines with your goals and risk tolerance. And we believe working alongside a third party can be incredibly helpful. In doing that, we’d love to have an opportunity to talk with you more about your individual financial plan and your retirement plan. Uh, to learn more about our one-on-one fee only virtual financial planning services and our team of certified financial planners. Go to your financial pharmacist.com, you can book a free discovery call, that’s a 45 to 60 minute meeting, uh, with Tim Baker. We can learn more about your situation. Uh, you can learn more about our services and, and together we can determine whether or not it’s the right fit. And you know, for [00:50:00] some of you, if you’re currently working with an advisor and having that feeling of, Hey, I’m not sure it’s the best fit, we’d love to have an opportunity to talk with you as well, uh, to do a second opinion analysis and, and see whether or not the current situation is the right fit.

Tim Ulbrich: Or perhaps a move does make sense. Again, you’re financial pharmacist.com. Book a discovery call. Tim, great stuff. Thanks so much for joining today.

 [END]

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First Time Homebuyers: Top Considerations Before Making Your Purchase

Paid Partnership with Tony Umholtz, First Horizon

This is a paid post as part of a sponsorship agreement with Tony Umholtz, a mortgage loan officer at First Horizon.

Before embarking on your homebuying journey, it’s essential to understand the key factors that will influence your decision. From assessing your financial readiness to understanding your mortgage options, knowing what to consider beforehand can make your first home purchase a smoother and more informed process.

Financial Readiness

Before you start browsing listings, it is crucial to understand how much house you can afford.  A good rule of thumb is that your monthly housing costs (including mortgage, property taxes, and homeowners’ insurance) should not exceed 32% of your gross monthly income. Additionally, your total monthly debt payments (including your mortgage, car loans, student loans, and credit card payments) should not be more than 43% of your gross monthly income.  With our Pharmacist loan, First Horizon can go up to 50% in certain circumstances. 

Your credit scores will play a significant role in your rates and qualification for mortgage programs. Saving for a down payment and closing costs can be a big hurdle. First Horizon’s program offers a low-down payment requirement of 3% for first-time homebuyers and 5% down for non-first-time homebuyers. This can help with the out-of-pocket cost of purchasing your new home. At First Horizon, we offer several different programs as we know each borrower has unique circumstances, so please feel free to reach out so we can place you in a mortgage that is best for you.

Getting pre-approved for a mortgage will give you a clear idea of how much you can borrow and shows sellers that you are a serious buyer. It involves a thorough review of your financial situation by the lender and can speed up the buying process once you go under contract for your home.

When you are ready, click here to apply online to First Horizon.

Understand Your Home Wants and Needs

Once you know what your budget for your new home is, your next step is to define your wants and needs.
 
The following are some examples of what you should consider and questions to discuss:

Location

  • How far away from work do you want to live?
  • What school district would you like your children or future children to attend?
  • Is the neighborhood safe
  • What public transportation options are there?

Type of Home

  • Does a single-family residence, condo, or townhouse best support your lifestyle?

Must Haves vs Nice to Haves

It’s important to distinguish between features your new home must have and items that would be nice to have, including the number of bedrooms, yard size, garage, swimming pool, and fireplaces.

Working With a Professional Realtor

Working with a professional realtor could help with finding the perfect home for you.

Realtors can be a great asset in finding your home with their knowledge of the area and can help you sort through your options to view the best homes for your situation. The realtors will be able to make informed offers and negotiate for you.  If you need assistance in finding a professional realtor, please let us know as we work with a lot of great realtors who could be essential in your home buying process.

Conclusion

In conclusion, buying your first home is a significant and exciting step, but it requires careful planning and consideration.
 
By assessing your financial readiness, understanding your mortgage options, defining
your needs and wants, working with professionals, considering long-term implications, and making informed offers, you can navigate the home-buying process with confidence.
 
Take your time, do your research, and don’t be afraid to ask for help from experts along the way. Your dream home is out there, and with the right preparation, you’ll be well on your way to finding and securing it.

Find the Best Home Loan for You

Regardless of the type of property you want to purchase, finding the right loan requires a lot of research and expertise. Fortunately, you can turn to the professional loan officers on the Umholtz Team at First Horizon Mortgage. Tony Umholtz leads a team of experienced loan officers that provide you with high-quality home loan programs, tailored to fit your unique situation with some of the most competitive rates in the nation. Whether you are a first-time homebuyer, relocating to a new job, or buying an investment property, our expert team will help you use your new mortgage as a smart financial tool. Tony and his team can be reached at 813-603-4255 or by email at [email protected] 

You can learn more about the Pharmacist Home Loan offered by First Horizon here.

6 Financial Moves for Mid-Career Pharmacists

Are you a mid-career pharmacist who’s tackled some of the financial planning basics but is left wondering, “What’s next?”

You’re not alone!

Whether you’re feeling confident in your current trajectory or are wondering if you need a financial tune-up, we’ve got you covered with six financial moves to make as a mid-career pharmacist.

1. Recast the Vision of Your Financial Plan

This point in your pharmacy career (10-30 years after graduation) is the perfect time to reflect on financial (and personal!) goals you previously set, take note of where you currently are with those goals, and reset the vision of them if needed.
 
The truth is that this phase of life often brings a lot of transition. Depending on your age and when or if you had children, you may be beginning to think about them moving out of the house. Maybe you have elderly parents that you’re trying to prioritize or plan for their future care. Perhaps you’re beginning to think about retirement and are wondering if you’re on track. Or maybe you’re still in the thick of trying to take care of yourself prioritizing the needs of your children.
 
No matter what you’re facing, this is an opportunity to take a step back and look at the vision and the goals for your financial plan, how those goals changed over time, and reset your goals and how you’re going to fund them if needed.
 

2. Savings, Savings, Savings

This step of the checklist includes your emergency fund and taking a pulse on your retirement savings.

Let’s dig in. 

Emergency Funds

We recently released a podcast episode that took a deep dive into emergency funds, including how to determine if it’s adequately funded and optimized.

If you haven’t recently revisited your emergency fund and the reserves you have on hand, now is a good time to do so as there is a possibility that your needs have changed. 

For an emergency fund, what we’re looking for is three to six months of non-discretionary monthly expenses. These are expenses that have to be paid whether you are working or not, including mortgage or rent payments, utilities, insurance premiums, and food. After you add up all of your non-discretionary expenses, multiply that by three if you have two household incomes or by six if you have one household income. This gives you the number that you should have saved in your emergency fund. 

Typically for Your Financial Pharmacist planning clients, we see anywhere between $15,000-%50,000 that’s needed to be saved in an emergency fund. 

Retirement

Have you recently wondered if you’re on track for retirement? 

Pharmacists we talk to at this mid-career stage often feel like they are getting hit in every direction. 

Between kids’ expenses, kids’ college needs, retirement savings, caring for elderly parents, and paying off remaining debt, there are a lot of financial and personal priorities. Because of all of these different pressures, sometimes the retirement piece falls to the side or wasn’t a top priority for a while, and now, as you get to a point of being able to visualize retirement more, you may be wondering if your retirement savings are on track.

Check out these podcast episodes in our retirement series that dig into retirement savings, how to determine how much is enough for retirement, nest egg calculations, and how to build a retirement paycheck:

Don’t miss downloading this free guide: Retirement Roadblocks – Identifying and Managing 10 Common Risks

3. Social Security 

If you haven’t looked at ssa.gov to see what your social security statement or projected benefits look like, now is the time to do so. 

Having an understanding of your projected social security benefits at retirement and how that fits into your nest egg calculation and overall financial plan is crucial.

To learn more about social security and mistakes to avoid making as a pharmacist, take a listen to these podcast episodes: 

4. Estate Planning

Number four on our list of mid-career moves to consider making as a pharmacist is all about the estate plan. 

We dug into this in detail on YFP 310: Dusing Off the Estate Plan.

Unfortunately, estate planning is a part of the financial plan that’s often ignored or isn’t given enough attention. Doing a beneficiary check and ensuring that you have estate planning documents in place so that your dependents and family are protected is so important.

The reality is, getting these documents in place isn’t fun to think about and it’s so easy to push this task to the side. This is your call to action to either update, take a fresh look at your estate planning documents, or get them created. 

5. Conversations with Aging Parents

It’s not uncommon to see mid-career pharmacists entering a new stage of caring for their elderly parents. This is not only an emotional and time investment, but can also be a financial expense that you need to consider.

On top of that, knowing if your parents have the right estate planning documents in place or even having a deeper understanding and transparency of their financial situation can be valuable.

But how do you have these sometimes very hard and awkward conversations?

We had Cameron Huddleston, award-winning journalist and author of Mom and Dad, We Need to Talk, on YFP 321: Navigating Financial Conversations with Aging Parents. This one is a must-listen.

6. Insurance Check-Up

We often talk about term-life and long-term disability insurance at the front end of someone’s pharmacy career, but it’s important to re-evaluate these policies in your 30s, 40s, and 50s. 

For example, if you bought a 20-year term life policy in your early 20s or 30s and now you are in your 40s or 50s, does it still provide adequate coverage for your family if something were to happen to you? Do you need to supplement your policy in any way because your earnings have continued to climb?

Other items to consider is looking into long-term care insurance, especially in your 40s or 50s, and property and casualty insurance.

We dig into long-term care insurance in this podcast episode:

Conclusion

If you’re a mid-career pharmacist interested in how working with our team of CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNERS™ at Your Financial Pharmacist can support you on your personal financial plan, which would touch on these six areas as well as many more, click here to learn more.

If you’re ready to take the next step, click here to book a free discovery call with our team.

Fannie Mae Cuts Down Payment Requirement to 5% for Multi-Unit Properties

Paid Partnership with Tony Umholtz, First Horizon

In a significant shift that is reshaping the landscape of real estate investments, FNMA (Fannie Mae) has recently implemented a game-changing policy. Previously, potential buyers looking to purchase owner-occupied 2-4 unit properties faced hefty down payment requirements, ranging from 15-25% down. However, effective mid-November 2023, FNMA has now slashed this requirement, allowing buyers to secure these properties with just a 5% down payment. The development has sent waves of excitement through the real estate market, opening doors for a broader range of aspiring homeowners.
 
Historically, the high down payment barriers have deterred many homebuyers from exploring the potential benefits of purchasing multi-unit properties. With the reduced down payment requirement, FNMA is not only making real estate investments more accessible but also empowering more individuals to step into the realm of property ownership. This move holds the promise of increased homeownership rates and a more diversified real estate market.
 
One of the key advantages of this policy change is the potential for rental income. Multi-unit properties often generate substantial income. By living in one unit, and renting out the other units of the property, a homeowner can cover some or all their mortgage payments and even yield profits. The rental income of the property may also be used to qualify for the mortgage loan, increasing the purchasing power for an individual. With the lower down payment requirement, more people can now consider this option, creating a ripple effect of economic empowerment and financial stability.

Additionally, this shift is expected to foster vibrant communities. As more individuals and families can afford to invest in multi-unit properties, neighborhoods are likely to see an influx of responsible landlords and homeowners. This, in turn, could lead to improved living conditions, enhanced community engagement, and increased local investments, revitalizing areas that were previously overlooked.
 
For aspiring homeowners, this policy change offers a unique opportunity to step onto the property ladder. The dream of owning a home, especially a multi-unit property that can generate rental income, is now within closer reach. This not only fosters a sense of financial security but also opens up avenues for building wealth through real estate appreciation and rental income.
 
Real estate professionals and investors are also poised to benefit significantly from this development. With more potential buyers entering the market, real estate agents and investors can explore new avenues for business growth. Furthermore, the increased demand for multi-unit properties could drive property values up, providing investors with the potential for substantial returns on investment.

In conclusion, FNMA’s decision to lower down payments for owner-occupied 2-4 unit properties marks a transformative moment in the real estate industry. By breaking down financial barriers, FNMA is fostering a more inclusive and dynamic market that benefits individuals, communities, and the overall economy. As more people seize the opportunity to invest in real estate, the effects of this policy change are set to resonate positively for years to come, shaping the future of housing and investment opportunities in the US.

Find the Best Home Loan for You

Regardless of the type of property you want to purchase, finding the right loan requires a lot of research and expertise. Fortunately, you can turn to the professional loan officers on the Umholtz Team at First Horizon Mortgage. Tony Umholtz leads a team of experienced loan officers that provide you with high-quality home loan programs, tailored to fit your unique situation with some of the most competitive rates in the nation. Whether you are a first-time homebuyer, relocating to a new job, or buying an investment property, our expert team will help you use your new mortgage as a smart financial tool. Tony and his team can be reached at 813-603-4255 or by email at [email protected]

You can learn more about the Pharmacist Home Loan offered by First Horizon here.

YFP 324: Retirement Roadblocks: Identifying and Managing 10 Common Risks (Part 1)


On this episode, sponsored by First Horizon, YFP Co-Founder and CEO, Tim Ulbrich, PharmD and YFP Co-Founder and Director of Planning, Tim Baker, CFP®, RLP®, RICP®, kick off a two-part series on 10 common retirement risks you should plan for.

Episode Summary

While a lot of emphasis is placed on the accumulation phase when preparing for retirement, there is considerably less focus on simple strategies for turning assets into retirement paychecks, for example. This week, Tim Ulbrich and Tim Baker kick off a two-part series on 10 of the most common retirement risks you should be planning for. Today, Tim and Tim cover five of these risks, including longevity risk, inflation risk, excess withdrawal risk, unexpected health care risk, and long-term care risk. You’ll find out why thinking about retirement as “half-time” is a good idea, the different options for taking out annuity payments, and why it is important to think about your withdrawal strategy, as well as what a bond ladder is and why you should consider unexpected medical expenses. Whether you are nearing retirement or are still in the accumulation phase, this episode is full of valuable insights. 

Key Points From the Episode

  • Introducing our two-part series: 10 Common Retirement Risks to Plan For.
  • Background on why this topic is so important. 
  • A couple of important disclaimers before we dive into the first risk: longevity risk.
  • Viewing your retirement as half-time.
  • Setting realistic expectations and planning as best as you can.
  • Lifetime income: a careful analysis of Social Security claims and strategies.
  • Options for taking out annuity payments.
  • Thinking about your withdrawal strategy to mitigate longevity risk.
  • The risk associated with inflation.
  • Defining what a bond ladder is.
  • Why social security is one of the most important things to evaluate in retirement.
  • How higher rates of inflation have influenced Tim and the planning team’s models.
  • Whether or not there should be a glide path from a work perspective.
  • Excess withdrawal risk: depleting your portfolio before you die.
  • A quick recap of the bucket strategy.
  • Healthcare risk: facing an increase in unexpected medical expenses in retirement.
  • Different Medicare plans: Part A, B, C, D, and Medicare Advantage plan.
  • Long-term care risks, misconceptions, and potential solutions.
  • The tough conversations we need to have. 

Episode Highlights

“You get to the end of the rainbow and you have hundreds of thousands of dollars, millions of dollars. The question is how do you turn these buckets of assets into a sustainable paycheck for an unknown period of time?” — @TimBakerCFP  [0:04:02]

“Longevity risk is the risk that a retiree will live longer than – they expect to. What this really requires is a larger stream of lifetime income.” — @TimBakerCFP [0:06:48]

“There’s a whole other race to run after your career.” — @TimBakerCFP [0:09:44]

“The more flexible you can be with your withdrawal rate, the greater the portfolio sustainability will be.” — @TimBakerCFP [0:18:15]

“Essentially, in retirement, inflation could erode your standard of living.” — @TimBakerCFP [0:21:57]

“Abrupt retirement sounds sweet, but in reality, it’s really hard.” — @TimBakerCFP [0:29:37]

“It’s less about the actual return and more about the sequence of when that return comes that can affect the sustainability of [your] portfolio.” — @TimBakerCFP [0:35:55]

“You don’t want to get to a point where you’re having to go through the courts to get the care that your loved ones need. If you can avoid that at all costs, even if it means having an uncomfortable conversation – I think it’s needed.” — @TimBakerCFP [0:48:07]

Links Mentioned in Today’s Episode

Episode Transcript

[INTRODUCTION]

[0:00:00] TU: Hey, everybody. Tim Ulbrich here, and thank you for listening to the YFP Podcast, where each week we strive to inspire and encourage you on your path towards achieving financial freedom. This week, Tim Baker and I kick off a two-part episode on 10 Common Retirement Risks to Plan For.

When planning for retirement, so much attention is given to the accumulation phase, but what doesn’t get a lot of press is how to turn those assets into a retirement paycheck for an unknown period of time. When building a plan to deploy your assets during retirement, it’s important to consider various risks to either mitigate or avoid altogether. That’s what we’re discussing during this two-part series, where today we cover the first five common retirement risks, including longevity risk, inflation risk, excess withdrawal risk, unexpected health care risk, and long-term care risk.

Now, make sure to download our free guide that accompanies this series, that guide being the 10 common retirement risks to plan for, and you can get that at yourfinancialpharmacist.com/retirementrisks. This guide covers the 10 common retirement risks you should consider and 20-plus solutions on how to mitigate these risks. Again, you can download that guide at yourfinancialpharmacist.com/retirementrisks.

All right, let’s hear from today’s sponsor, First Horizon, and then we’ll jump into my conversation with YFP Co-founder and Director of Financial Planning, Tim Baker.

[SPONSOR MESSAGE]

[0:01:24] ANNOUNCER: Does saving 20% for a down payment on a home feel like an uphill battle? It’s no secret that pharmacists have a lot of competing financial priorities, including high student loan debt, meaning that saving 20% for a down payment on a home may take years. We’ve been on a hunt for a solution for pharmacists that are ready to purchase a home loan with a lower down payment and are happy to have found that option with First Horizon.

First Horizon offers a professional home loan option, AKA doctor or pharmacist home loan that requires a 3% down payment for a single-family home, or townhome for first-time home buyers, has no BMI, and offers a 30-year fixed rate mortgage on home loans up to $726,200. The pharmacist home loan is available in all states, except Alaska and Hawaii, and can be used to purchase condos as well, however, rates may be higher and a condo review has to be completed.

To check out the requirements for First Horizon’s pharmacist home loan and to start the pre-approval process, visit yourfinancialpharmacist.com/home-loan. Again, that’s yourfinancialpharmacist.com/home-loan.

[EPISODE]

[0:02:36] TU: Tim Baker, welcome back to the show.

[0:02:38] TB: Good to be back, Tim. How’s it going?

[0:02:39] TU: It is going. We have an exciting two-part series planned for our listeners on 10 common retirement risks to avoid. I think as we were planning for this session, just a lot of depth and great content, that we want to make sure we do it justice, so we’re going to take five of these common retirement risks here in this episode. We’ll take the other five next week. Tim, just for some quick background, one of the things we’ve talked about on the show before is so much attention is given when it comes to retirement, is given to the accumulation phase as we’re saving, especially for those that are maybe a little bit earlier in their career.

It’s save, save, save. But I even think for all pharmacists in general, that tends to be the focus, but we don’t often think about, what does that withdrawal look like, both in the strategy, which we talked about on the show previously, but also in what could be some of the risks that we’re trying to mitigate and avoid. Just give us some quick background on why this topic is so important as we get ready to jump into these 10 common mistakes.

[0:03:39] TB: Yeah, I think to your point, I think a lot of the, even the curriculum in the CFP board standards is very much focused on the accumulation phase of wealth building. I think there’s a lot of challenges and a lot of risks that you have to deal with during that phase of life and during that phase of wealth building. But I think what doesn’t get a lot of the press is like, okay, you get to the end of the rainbow and you have hundreds of thousands of dollars, millions of dollars. The question is, how do you return these buckets of assets into a sustainable paycheck for an unknown period of time?

While navigating a lot of these risks, I don’t know if it’s risk avoidance, Tim. I think it’s just planning for the risk. We’re talking about avoiding risk. Some of these, you can’t really avoid. You just have to plan for it. I think that what we’re finding is, I think the whole general rule of like, “Oh, I’ll get to the end and I’ll have a million dollars and I’ll put 4%, $40,000 a year for the rest of my life.” There are a lot of pitfalls to that. I think that hopefully, this discussion shines a light on some of that. I think it is just important because we think that the – the hard part is, hey, I just need to put assets aside, but I think equally as hard as, okay, how do I actually deploy these assets for a wealthy life for myself in retirement?

[0:05:04] TU:  Yeah, good clarification, right? Some of these, as we talked through the 10. Avoidance isn’t necessarily possible. It’s the planning for, it’s the mitigation, minimizing the impact, however, we want to say it. I think, what you articulated is just spot on, right? I think when it comes to retirement planning, saving for the future, we tend to view that nest egg number, whatever that number is, 3, 4, 5 million dollars, whatever is the finish line. So many other layers to consider there.

Not only getting there, which again, we’ve talked about on the show previously, and we’ll link to some of those episodes in the show notes and the strategies to do so, but how do you maintain the integrity of that portfolio? How do you optimize the withdrawal of that portfolio? If we’re doing the hard work throughout one’s career to be saving along the way, we want to do everything we can to get as much juice out of that as possible.

That’s the background as we get ready to talk through some of these 10 common retirement risks to plan for. Just a couple of important disclaimers; We’re not going to talk about every retirement risk that’s out there, of course, Tim, so there’s certainly more than 10. You’ll notice them overlap as we go through these. This is not meant to be an all-encompassing list. Of course, this is not advice, right? We obviously advocate that our listeners work with a planner, no matter what stage of your career that you’re in to be able to customize this part of the plan to your personal situation.

For folks that are interested in learning more about our one-on-one financial planning services, our team of certified financial planners and tax professionals, you can go to yfpplanning.com and book a free discovery call to learn more about that service.

All right, Tim. Let’s jump off with number one, which is longevity risk. What is that risk? Then we’ll go from there and talk about some potential solutions.

[0:06:48] TB: Longevity risk is the risk that a retiree will live longer than what they expect to. What this really requires is a larger stream of lifetime income. We’ll talk about that in a second. The hard part about this whole calculation, Tim, is that there are lots of unknown variables. Unfortunately, or fortunately, I guess the way – depends on how you look at it, I don’t know when I’m going to pass away. Social Security obviously has a good idea of what that is. When I was preparing for this episode, Tim, I looked at, I went onto socialsecurity.gov, and put in my – basically, my gender and my birthday. It comes back with a table and it doesn’t factor in things like health, lifestyle, or family history. But it essentially says that for me at 40 – oh, man, it’s tough to look at that, Tim. 40 years old in 10 months, that my estimated total years, I’m halfway there.

[0:07:47] TU: Halfway. I was going to say. Yeah.

[0:07:49] TB: I’m 81.6. Now, once you get to age 62, then it starts to go out. At age 62, it says I’m going to live to 85. If I make it age 67, then it says, hey, I’m going to live to 86 and change. Then at age 70, which is when I think I’m going to retire, Tim. That’s my plan, at age 70, 87.1 years. I think that for a lot of people, this is an unknown. I overlay like, okay, when did my grandparents pass away and things like that.

Some general stats, one in four will live past age 90 and one in 10 will live past age 95. I think these stats fly a bit in the face of Social Security, but maybe not. I think they factor some of this in. One of the big discussions that we have in our community is like, what should we plan to? What should we plan to? Should it be age 90? Should it be to age 100? We default to 95, which is right in the middle. For me, being in my 40s, it says 87.1-years-old.

I think, this unpredictable length of time really puts a huge unknown out there in terms of like, okay, because there’s a big difference between I retire at age 70 and I pass away at 87. That’s 17 years of essentially, senior unemployment retirement. Or if I live to 100, which is another 13 years. It’s huge. I saw a visual table recently, not to go on too much of a tangent, but it was like, your youth and then your college years was – If you imagine a square, was a shade on the square and then your career and then your retirement and your career and retirement in this visual were pretty close.

[0:09:33] TU: Which we don’t think about it like that, or I don’t, at least.

[0:09:36] TB: No, I don’t either. But I saw that. I’m almost eyeballing them, like, they’re pretty close. People think of like, “Oh, rat race and things like that,” but there’s a whole other race to run after your career. I think we overlooked the time on that. I do think that people will, because especially with a lot of the economic things people may be joining the workforce later, starting families later, maybe starting to save later, we’re living longer that it could push everything to the right a little bit. I think that could be one of the things that they do with Social Security is that maybe we don’t get our for retirement age of 67, then we get the for all credits at 70. Maybe they push those back a little bit. But it’s still a long time, Tim, is what I’m saying.

[0:10:23] TU: Yeah. It really is. As you’re sharing, Tim, it reminded me of a great interview I had with a retired dean and faculty member, Dave Zgarrick on episode 291. He talked about exactly what you’re saying in terms of that timeline perception. He was really encouraging our listeners to reframe your retirement date as essentially, half-time, right? We’ve got some opportunities to reset, reframe, and figure out, but it’s not the end of the game. There’s a whole other half that needs to be played. Obviously, here, we’re talking about making sure that we’re financially prepared for it, but there’s certainly much more to be considered than just the financial side of this as well.

I think the piece here that really jumps out to me, Tim, when people think about longevity risk is there’s really a lot of fear that I sense from individuals of – and the last thing I want to do is run out of money. I don’t want to be a burden to my family members. I really want to make sure I plan for this. The challenge, I think, here is there’s a balance to be had, right? We also don’t want to get to the end of our life and we’ve been sitting on this massive amount of money that maybe it’s been at the expense of living experiences along the way. I think this is just a really hard thing to plan for. To your point, I think a general number is a good place to start. So much of this literature on longevity comes down to family history, lifestyle, and other things that are going to help inform this.

[0:11:44] TB: I don’t think that you can – oftentimes, when we work with particularly younger pharmacists, we’ll get to a point and they’re like, “Hey, I got it from here. I’m good.” It’s almost like, they chunk the next five or 10 years of their life is autopilot. I always be – if I look back at the last five or 10 years of my life, it’s been anything but that. What I would say to, even in retirement, you have to take it year by year and you have to assess this year by year. I think, hitting the easy button and saying, okay, for the next five or 10 years, it’s going to be like this, is not great for your plan, right?

I think that’s probably if we talk solutions, we’re probably going to say this on repeat with a lot of these is like, you have to plan for this as best you can. Whether it’s set in a realistic expectation. For me, I think it would be irresponsible for me to say like, okay, 87 years old. I’m going to retire at 70, have set – and again, we’ll talk about this, too, is I might not retire at 70. I might have to retire a lot sooner than that. If I say, “Hey, 70.” Then I have to plan for 17 years, I think that would be really irresponsible. I think, set in realistic expectations in terms of life expectancy. Consider personal and family health history.

I think, you do pay a price, Tim, for a longer plan horizon, to your point, because you need more resources, which means that you have to save potentially more in your accumulation phase. Then when you’re in retirement, you have to be more conservative with what you’re withdrawing. That could lead to, again, you forgoing things today for a longer future, I guess, or being all sustained. That’s definitely one thing. It’s just, how do you best plan for that longevity?

[0:13:32] TU: You know, the other thing that’s coming up for me, Tim, as you’re just sharing this solution around planning for longevity is if folks end up erring on the side of your example, right? Social Security says one number. Maybe we’re planning 10 years further than that. Then there’s an interesting – certainly, you’re mitigating one risk, but you’re also presenting another risk, which is potentially having excess cash at the end of life, which obviously, there has to be planning done for that. What does that mean for the transfer of assets? Is there philanthropic giving that’s happening?

Then there’s a whole tax layer to that as well, right? In terms of, how are the taxes treated on that if we’re planning, perhaps, to not die was zero, but we may have additional funds that are there at the end of life. Just another great example, I think, of where financial planning comes together with the tax plan, and obviously, everyone’s situation is going to be different.

[0:14:21] TB: Another solution that would bring up for this risk, Tim, would be lifetime income. This is where I think, really a careful analysis of Social Security claims and strategies is needed. Because I think a lot of people, they’re like, “Okay, I’m 62. I’m eligible for my Social Security. I think, my parents died at 80. Probably going to die right there.” There’s a lot of things that I think we just blow through. One of the biggest retirement decisions is just going to be this decision on how and when you’re going to claim. Social security is a lifetime income. If you start claiming at 62, you’ll get that until you pass away. Start claiming at 70, and you’ll get a much greater benefit until you pass away.

There are not very many sources of income like that. Pensions might be another thing, but that would be one of the things that we would want to make sure that if we need X per month, or per year, a good percentage that is lifetime income, meaning not necessarily out of your portfolio, on a 401k.

Another way to do this is to transfer the risk of longevity to an insurance company by purchasing something like an annuity, so you can provide protection from the risk of dying young by purchasing a term certain. You could say, “Hey, I want this annuity to pay me for a lifetime and I’ll get a lesser amount, or for the next 10 years and I might get a higher amount.” But a lot of people are really not crazy about that, because they could give an insurance company $100,000 and then get one or two payments and die the next month or whatever. There are refund riders and things like that, so I think looking at that is something that definitely in the lifetime income.

I think, one of the things that people don’t know of, is if you have a 401k, a lot of people, they’ll take a lump sum and they might put it into an IRA. One of the things that you could do is take annuity payments for life out of that plan. What they essentially do is go out, most of the time they go out and buy an annuity for you. That’s a way to do it, instead of taking a lump sum, you can buy, basically, annuity payments from a 401k, that type of 403b. You can get lifetime income from insurance contracts, so cash value, life insurance, death benefit, there’s an annuity option.

This can even be true for a term policy. If I pass away and shay, most times will elect a lump sum, but you can say, “Hey, I want this payment for life, or for X amount of years.” Those securities are probably going to be the biggest ones, but then an annuity or something like that would probably be a close second to provide lifetime income for you to negate some of the longevity risks that’s there in retirement.

[0:17:04] TU: Yeah, a couple of resources I want to point our listeners to episodes 294, 295, you and I covered 10 common social security mistakes to avoid, along with a primer we did back on episode 242 of Social Security 101. Really reinforces what Tim’s talking about right here. Then we covered annuities on episode 305, which was our understanding of annuities, a primer for pharmacists. Certainly, go back and check out those resources in more detail. Probably lots of avenues to consider, but any other big potential solutions as people are trying to mitigate this longevity risk?

[0:17:37] TB: I think, probably the last one, and I mean, there are others, but probably the last big one I would bring up is probably, what is your withdrawal strategy? We’ve mentioned the rule of thumb of 4%, but I think that’s limited in a lot of ways. One is a lot of those studies are based on a finite number of years, i.e. 30 years from age 65 to 95, and we know that people are living beyond that 30 years that that’s been planned. That’s one thing.

For longer periods, the sustainable withdrawal rate should be reduced, but typically, only slightly. What’s left out of that, the 4% study is flexibility. The more flexible you can be with your withdrawal rate, the greater the portfolio sustainability will be. When the portfolio is down, and you can withdraw less, that allows you to sustain the portfolio a lot longer. Then, I think, the other thing that’s often overlooked with this is that typically, and we’ll talk about sequence risk, but typically, once you get through that eye of the storm retirement risk zone, you want to start putting more equities back into your portfolio.

I think, just the proper allocation strategy, which is where you’re considering portfolio returns, inflation, what your need is, what your flexibility is. Again, I think that becomes a lot easier, or palatable if you have, say, an income floor, or if you have a higher percentage of your paycheck coming from Social Security. All of these things are kind of, just like systems of the body are intertwined, but just your withdrawal strategy and allowing for that to sustain you for a lifetime is going to be very, very important along with some of the other things that we mentioned.

[0:19:19] TU: Yeah. Tim, I think there are a couple of things there that are really important to emphasize, that I think we tend to overlook when it comes to the withdrawal strategy. One of which you mentioned was that flexibility, or the option to be flexible on what you need. When we show some of these examples, we just assume, hey, somebody’s going to take a 3%, or 4% withdrawal every year, but depending on other sources of income, you’ve mentioned several opportunities here, depending on other buckets that they have saved, right? That flexibility may, or may not be there, which ultimately, is going to allow for us to be able to maximize and optimize that even further. All right, so that’s number one, longevity risk.

Number two is inflation risk. Tim, I think this is probably something that maybe three, four, five years ago, people were asking, hey, what inflation? Obviously, we’re living this every day right now. We’ve seen some extremes, although our parents would say, we ain’t seen nothing yet from what they saw growing up. What is the risk here as it relates to inflation?

[0:20:16] TB: We’re going to talk about inflation a few times in this series. What we’re talking about with regard to this risk is this is really the risk that prices of goods and services increase over time, right? The analogy or the story I always give when I talk about investments is that the $4 latte that you might get from Starbucks in 2020, 30 years might be $10, $11, or $12. If you look back at, I would encourage a lot of people that, hey, I had a conversation like this with my parents like, “What did you buy our house back in New Jersey?” I think they said, it was $41,000.

Now, when they – because they were – we were talking about what we bought our house at and the interest rates are like, it’s unbelievable. They don’t understand. I think this is a huge thing, especially with retirees, you’re thinking, or you’re dealing with a fixed income, more or less. The larger percentage of your income that’s protected against inflation, which social security is, which is another reason that it’s also very valuable is because it’s lifetime, but then basically, it gets adjusted by the CPI.

When you work, Tim, inflation is often offset by increases in salary, right? The employer has to keep pace as best they can –

[0:21:42] TU: Hopefully. Yeah.

[0:21:43] TB: Yeah. Or they’ll lose talent. In retirement, inflation reduces your purchasing power, so you don’t have an employer to raise. Now, like I said, you can think of social security like that, because they’re going to do that adjustment every year. But essentially, in retirement, inflation could essentially erode your standard of living.

Again, the first solution here is to plan for this. I would throw taxes in here, but even inflation is often overlooked in terms of like, how do we project these numbers out? What is a realistic estimate of inflation over the long term? I would encourage you, again, I’m a financial planner, so I’m biased, but I think using software and accounting for inflation almost by category of expense. We know that things like medical expenses, and the inflation for medical expenses is going to outpace a lot of other things, whether it’s fuel, utilities, or food, that type of thing.

That would be the big thing. I think overlaying some type of inflation assumption into your projections and seeing how that affects your portfolio, your paycheck is going to be super important. Another solution to this, Tim, would be going back to longevity. We talked about lifetime income. I’m going to say, not necessarily lifetime income, but inflation and adjust in income. Social Security, again, is the best of this. That we saw last year, I think it was – someone might have to correct me. It was like, 9% year over year. That’s pretty good.

If you were to buy an annuity, a lot of insurance companies won’t offer a CPI rider. They might say, “Hey, your payment in your annuity, you can buy a rider, which is going to cost a lot of money,” that it says, it’ll go a flat 2% or 3%. The insurance companies are not going to risk saying, “Okay, it’s with whatever the CPI is, because they’re not going to be able to price that accordingly.” Inflation-adjusted income.

Some employer-sponsored plans, like a pension, could offer some type of COLA increase. This is more typical in government pensions, government plans than it is with private plans. Like I said, you can purchase a life annuity with a cost-of-living rider, but it’s typically very limited and very, very expensive. You might get, for kicks, Tim, these are just round numbers. You might say, “Hey, give me straight up $1,000 as my benefit.” But if I add a, COLA rider, or something like that, it could cut it down to $800. Again, that’s not real numbers. That could be the cost there.

Then the last thing for this is to build a bond ladder using tips. A bond ladder is essentially, and we could probably do a whole episode on this, Tim, but a bond ladder would be, hey, basically, I want to build 10 years of income, say. Let’s say, I’m retiring in 2024, or let’s say, 2025. My first bond ladder might come due at the end of 2024. Then that’s going to give me $30,000 or $40,000. At the end of 2025, going in 2026, the second run of my bond ladder is going to pay me and basically, do that for the next 10 years.

Then essentially, what you do is you try to extend that ladder out. You might go to year 11, might go to year 12 as you’re spending that down. A good way to do that is with tips, which is an inflation security, an inflation-protected security. That’s one way to inoculate yourself from the inflation risk.

[0:25:14] TU: I looked up Social Security while you were talking there, you’re spot on. 8.7% in 2023. Yeah, that’s significant, right? I think especially for many folks and hopefully, as our listeners are planning, that won’t be as big of a percentage of the bucket for retirement. The data shows that across the country, it really is.

[0:25:33] TB: Yeah. I think, again, I think, when we’ve gone back to my own, it was something like, if I claimed at 62, I have to remember the numbers. If I claimed that 62, my benefit would be $2,500. If I claim at 70, I think it’s over $4,000.

[0:25:49] TU: Something like that. Yeah.

[0:25:50] TB: But then, if you then tack on the inflation on that, it’s just huge. Again, I think, that is going to be one of the most important things that you evaluate in retirement is the social security stuff.

[0:26:01] TU: One of the other thoughts that have gone to mind, Tim, as you were talking with inflation is just rates of return. We tend to, at least on a simple high level, right? We think of rates of return and a very consistent 7% per year. We know the markets don’t obviously act like that. We have huge ups, huge downs. We’re seeing that with inflation as well, right? We tend to project 2%, 2.50%, and 3%. But we lived in a period where inflation was really low. Obviously, we’re now seeing that bump up. My question for you is, as you beat this up with the planning team like, has this period of high inflation, at least higher than what we’ve seen in our lifetime, has that changed at all? Some of the modeling, or scenarios that you guys are doing long term?

[0:26:42] TB: I think, we’ve ticked it up a bit. I definitely think it’s probably too soon to say like, hey, for the next 30 years, we got to go from 3%, which has typically been the rule of thumb, to 5%. I think as we get a little bit further from quantitative ease in and putting a lot more money in circulation and we’re seeing the result of that, that I do see some modification of models and that’s going to be needed.

One of the things that the government and the Fed try to do is keep inflation at that 3%. I just don’t know if they’re going to be able to – the new norm might be keeping it as close to 4%, or 5%, right? I would say for me, and again, I try to keep on this as best I can, but I think for me, I think it’s a little too soon to tell. To your point, the reality is that I would say, less so for inflation, because I think there is a little bit of the thumbs on the scale with the government and the Fed, but we do see fluctuations in market returns. We’re seeing now more fluctuation in inflation.

I think, a lot of what I’m reading is that we’re probably at pretty much the end of rates going up. But I’m interested to see is like, okay, when they start to potentially reverse, or normalize, what is the new normal? I think if you put as much money in circulation as we have, I think this is one of the side effects, and we’re paying for that now.

[0:28:15] TU: The thing that’s coming to mind here as you’re talking about inflation risk and even tied to longevity risk is we often assume retirement is a clean break, right? You were working full-time, you’re no longer working full-time. For many folks, either based on interest, passion, or financial reasons, there could very well be some type of part-time work, right? Whether that’s consulting, whether that’s part-time PRN work, or whatever. To me, that’s another tool you have in your tool belt, when you talk about inflationary periods, or what’s happening in the market and whether or not we need to draw from those funds. Having some additional income, if you’re able and interested, could be an important piece of this puzzle.

[0:28:57] TB: We often think of a glide path in retirement. Meaning that, the closer we get to retirement, the less stocks we have, the more bonds we have, safety, that type of thing. I think, we have to start talking more about a glide path, like a work perspective, where you go from 1 to 0.8 to 0.6 to 0.2, or whatever. Then maybe, it’s just 10.99 PRN, or something like that. This is for a variety of reasons. It’s for the reasons that you mentioned market forces, and inflationary forces, I think even more so for mental health.

[0:29:29] TU: Mental health. Yeah, absolutely.

[0:29:31] TB: IR, like we talk about our identity and role and things like that and a soft landing. I think, abrupt retirement sounds sweet, but I think in reality, I think it’s really hard for, if you’ve been in the workforce for 30 years and there might be people that are like, “Nope. You’re crazy, Tim.” I talked about this and some retirees will probably roll their eyes. When I took my sabbatical, it was just a month, right? It wasn’t a ton of time. I literally was like “All right, I’m not going to touch work.” I’m like, “What am I doing?”

I guess, my thought process was I could see how it could be where you’re directionless, right? I spent a lot of time planning for just that month and I’m like, it was an interesting test case for me to be like, all right, I just need to make sure that when I’m positioning myself, I still have availability for meaningful work and other interests and things like that. Yeah. I mean, everything that you read is that the best thing to combat a lot of these risks is actually not to retire. It’s to work or work at a reduced – If you’re working and you’re not drawing on your portfolio, then problem solved. Obviously, we know that’s not necessarily the best solution.

I think, having the ability to do that, there’s from a mental health perspective and a lot of these other reasons. I think pharmacists in particular are positioned with their clinical knowledge and things to do things with their PharmD that provide value in retirement and that are not necessarily stressful, or strenuous. So — 

[0:31:04] TU: Yeah, I think that feeling of contribution is so important. I just listened to a podcast this week with Dr. Peter T on one of my favorite podcasts, The Huberman Lab Podcast, and he was talking exactly about longevity and some of the risks to longevity in that context of mental health. He was talking about the value of contribution, the value of work. I think for all of us, it’s natural in those moments and seasons of stress. That feeling of contribution can get overlooked, right? I mean, I think it’s a natural thing to feel. Really, really good discussion. I think, it highlights well. We’re obviously talking about X’s and O’s in terms of dollars. But when it comes to retirement planning, so much more than that.

Number three, Tim, we talked briefly about, but we can put a bow on this one, would be excess withdrawal risk. Tell us more here.

[0:31:52] TB: Yeah. This is really just that you’re withdrawing at a rate from the portfolio that will deplete the portfolio before you die. Which is one of the biggest fears and one of the biggest risks is like, “Hey, I just want to make sure that I have enough money to last me throughout retirement.” I think, the biggest thing again for this is to have a plan, have a strategy and be flexible with that plan.

There are ways that you can build your retirement paycheck, and we’ve talked about this before, where it’s coming from a variety of sources. At the end of the day, there is still going to be a portion of your paycheck, the retiree, you are pulling the string. You’re saying, “Okay, I’m going to get X amount from Social Security, potentially X amount from maybe a floor, an annuity, but then the 60%, or whatever it is has to come from these buckets that I’ve filled in the accumulation phase.” Like I said, the default that a lot of people use is, hey, it’s the 4% rule. There are other strategies, like [inaudible 0:32:54], guardrails that are more, look at market forces, look at inflation, and then basically, adjust your portion of your paycheck accordingly.

If you do that consistently and you stick to that plan, you’ll basically see the portfolio sustained for 30-plus years. I think that’s probably the big thing that in all the research says is that if you can adapt your spending, which is hard, right? It’s hard for us to do that in the accumulation. It’s often hard for us to do that in retirement, but if you can adapt your spending with the ride the roller coaster of market volatility inflation, it lands in sustainability. We’ve also talked in the past about the bucketing strategy. You make sure that you have the next five years, basically, in very CDs, money markets, very safe investments. Then that allows you to inoculate, at least for the next five years to do more mid-risk type of investments. Then for those 15-plus years, more risky investments with regard to the portfolio.

The bucketing strategy is just a take on the systemic withdrawal strategy but allows the retiree to understand more and compartmentalize and say, “Okay, if I have the next five years planned out, if I need 40,000 times five years, I had that in that bucket. I don’t really care what the market does. If the market goes down today, I know that in most cases, it’s going to recover in the next three and a half, four years and we’re good to go.”

Again, a lot of people, I think will say, “All right, well, this year, regardless of what’s going on in the world, I need this. Then the next year –” Then they wake up and they’re like, “Man, I had a million dollars, seven years in retirement, I have 200,000 left. This is no bueno.”

[0:34:51] TU: Yeah. Another important point you’re bringing up here and you mentioned earlier in the show, I think we tend to oversimplify, especially when we’re thinking accumulation of, “Hey, I’m going to save two, three, four million dollars. Maybe I’m going to be moderately aggressive, or aggressive. Then I retire.” We don’t think about what is the aggressive to moderate to non-aggressive strategies of investing in retirement, right? We’re not taking a portfolio of two, three, four million dollars, and also just moving it into something that’s liquid. We still have to take some calculated risks, to your point earlier, that we’ve got potentially a long horizon in front of us.

Tim, what I think about is the double whammy of potentially, when you retire, which depending on where the markets are, you may or may not have control of that. I think about people that may have retired pre-pandemic, not knowing what was coming and then the markets did their thing. The double whammy I’m referring to is if you retire and start withdrawing at a period where the market’s down significantly and you’re dependent on that draw, we’ve got a double effect of what we’re getting hit there.

[0:35:52] TB: Yeah. We’ll get into more of that in the sequence risk, in terms of, it’s less about the actual return and more about the sequence of when that return comes. That can affect, basically, the sustainability of that portfolio.

[0:36:06] TU: Since you mentioned the buckets and building retirement paycheck, as you call that, we did cover that previously, episode 275. We’ll link to that in the show notes. That was one of four episodes that we did, 272 through 275 on retirement planning. All right, so that is number three, excess withdrawal risk. Tim, number four on our list is unexpected healthcare risk. Tell us more here.

[0:36:29] TB: Yeah. This is the one we haven’t really covered much. We probably should give it a little TLC, maybe in future episodes. I think that Medicare and the decisions around Medicare is also another huge decision to make in retirement. This is the risk of facing an increase in unexpected medical expenses in retirement. One of the things that people often get wrong is that it’s like, okay, I qualified for Medicare at 65, I’m good. All my medical costs will be taken care of. That’s not true.

The decision of when to enroll and whether to choose the original Medicare or Medicare Advantage plan, choosing the right Part D plan for drug prescription is really going to be important. The figures, they’re not overly impressive, Tim. In 2019, they said, the average male at age 65 is going to spend about $79,000 to cover medical, or healthcare costs in retirement.

[0:37:25] TU: That’s lower than I would have thought, to be honest.

[0:37:26] TB: Yeah. Now, I think it goes out – I mean, again, you can see for if you look at the tables, what did it say for me at 65? I was going to live to – does it have at 62 to 67. Let’s say, it’s another 20 years. Yeah, it seems low to me. I mean, females, age 65 is a lot more, a $114,000 to cover healthcare expenses in retirement. It doesn’t seem a lot in terms of your – it is outside of housing. It’s going to be one of the bigger things, especially when you’re in the phase of older retirement.

I think, probably the default here is how – it goes back to planning and understanding what’s available to you. I think, choosing the appropriate insurance is going to be important. One of the things, and we’ll talk about this in the next for us, but a lot of people think that long-term care is covered by Medicare. It’s not. Another thing that a lot of people don’t know is that Medicare doesn’t have a cap on out-of-pocket expenses. If you have large amounts of medical expenses, you could be paying in perpetuity, that’s where a supplemental plan, or a Medigap plan will be important.

Part A, to break these down, covers a lot of hospital visits and inpatient stuff. Part B is more, I think, outpatient, like covers medical necessary services, like doctors, service and tests, outpatient care, home health services, durable medical equipment, and that type of thing. Then part C is going to be the drug. Then there’s going to be lots of variations of part D. Then what people then assess, Tim, is, should I get a supplemental plan, or a Medicare advantage, which is not to say under traditional Medicare, but it’s more of a reimbursement through a private medical, or private insurance company.

This is one that I think that is often overlooked. It’s hard because every state and area of the country is going to be different. What you can get if you’re a resident of Florida is going to be different if you’re a resident of New Jersey or Ohio. I think, going through this and probably on an annual to reassess is going to be an important part of making sure that you’re mitigating, as much as you can, the risks of those increased, or unexpected medical expenses while retired.

[0:39:44] TU: A couple of things are coming up for me, Tim, here. Obviously, one would be, if we’re factoring this into the overall portfolio nest egg. Certainly, that’s one strategy. The other thing I’m thinking about, if folks have access to an HSA and are able to save in that long term, without needing those for expenses today. Obviously, if you need them, you use them. That’s what it’s there for. If not, the opportunity is for these to grow and to invest and invest in a tax-free manner, such that it could be used for six-figure expenses right in retirement.

We’ve got an exciting – October is all going to be about healthcare insurance costs. We’re going to have several episodes all throughout the month. One of which is going to be focused on Medicare. We’re also going to be talking about healthcare insurance for those that are self-employed. Then we’ll be talking about open enrollment, other topics as well. Looking forward to that, that series that we’re going to do in October.

Tim, number five on our list, which will wrap up our part one of this two-part series is long-term care risk. Now, we did talk about long-term care insurance previously on the show. That was episode 296, five key decisions for long-term care insurance. You just mentioned not something that Medicare is going to cover. Tell us about this risk and potential solutions.

[0:40:56] TB: Yeah. This is the risk of essentially, not being able to care for oneself. It basically leaves you dependent on others to perform, or help you perform the activities of daily living. These ADLs are called activities of daily living, are bathing, showering, getting dressed, being able to get in and out of bed, or in and out of a chair, walking, using the bathroom, and eating.

Typically, if you need help with two or more of these things, this is typically where a long-term care insurance policy will actually trigger. These could be cause for a variety. It could be chronic diseases, orthopedic problems. Alzheimer’s is probably the biggest one that is the biggest threat for this particular risk. Planning for this is huge. It’s funny, Tim, because – not funny, but it’s interesting is that this is one of the risks where it’s like, it’s not me, right? It’s someone else. Most people see this as an important thing to plan for, but not necessarily for themselves.

The reality of the situation is that in most cases, family members will provide the care, which is about 80% of the time in the home, which is unpaid care, averaging about 20 hours per week. If you imagine that, Tim, if that were laid at your feet, how that could affect your health, your finances, just your career. That’s the effect that it has on the family. Like I said, most people think that Medicare covers long-term care costs. It doesn’t. Many people think that this is a risk, or a concern in retirement, but not necessarily for them, it’s for somebody else.

I think, one of the misconception is like, if you look at things like insurance, a lot of people think, “Hey, it’s too expensive.” In that, I think, that reputation is probably earned, because I think when they first priced these policies, when they first came out, there were a lot of policies that were not priced expensive, or the right way, so they got more expensive year over year. There was a study that said that less than 10% of people that were age 65 and older had long-term care.

Really, the need is not as long as you think. The average time that a male needs long-term care is about a little bit more than two years. For females, a little bit less than four years. Solutions for this is plan for this. Understand what are the risks and costs associated with it. Again, every state is going to be different in terms of what these costs and what is the cost for something like, anything from being able to age in place and have care given in your home, to a nursing home. Understand, what is that in your area? How do you want to pay for long-term care? I mean, how do you want that care delivered?

A big part of this is just getting organized with, okay, if this were to happen, where can we get this money from? Is it insurance policy that we purchased? Is it family members? Is it something like a reverse mortgage? Are there government programs, like if you’re a veteran, there’s some programs for that. Could be Medicaid. That is a program that’s probably the largest funding source of long-term care, but you have to be impoverished to do so. A lot of people will purposely spend down their estate to become impoverished, to get care, which there’s a lot of hoops and things that you have to be careful of.

But insurance is probably, and I know we did an episode on this is like, that’s another one to really look at is when to purchase a lot of people, we should really start talking about this in late 40s and purchase in your 50s. I think 55 is the average, if I’m not mistaken. If you wait longer than that, Tim, that’s when you have increased instances of the coverage being denied and it gets really expensive. You have to thread that needle a bit. What is the amount needed? 

I think at a minimum, we should be pricing and we say, okay, for us to be able to age in place, so have someone come in 20 hours a week, five days a week, or whatever that looks like, is that $3,000? Is at $6,000? Find that number and be able – A lot of the study says, the longer that you can stay in your home and not in a facility, the better. What’s the amount? Is that inflation-protected? What’s the elimination period? Is it a straight-up long-term care insurance plan? Or is it linked to an annuity purchase or a life insurance purchase?

Or if you go through all that, you’re like, “You know what? I got this and we sell fund, which is probably the most popular sell fund with the family as ad hoc caregivers.” Unfortunately, I think that’s really more of a lack of planning than anything. But that is a solution as well to say, okay, if that’s the case, again, looking at funding sources and things like that. This is another thing that I think is often overlooked, because, I think, some of the misconceptions about long-term care. But if you can get a policy that pays you $3,000, $4,000, $5,000 a month for care, to be able to stay in the home, I think for a variety of reasons, that’s worth looking into.

[0:45:57] TU: Yeah, Tim. I agree. I think that this is often overlooked, perhaps from a misunderstanding, or evaluating the risk. The other thing that comes up for me often here is just the difficult conversations that need to be had to really navigate this. We just, a few episodes had back on the show, Cameron Huddleston, who is just fantastic. She wrote, Mom and Dad, We Need to Talk, how do you navigate difficult financial conversations with parents? Some listening to this are thinking about it for themselves, certainly. Others may be working with aging parents and trying to navigate these conversations.

Who wants to initiate a conversation of, “Hey, Mom and Dad, what are you doing for long-term care insurance?” Or, maybe that age window has passed, where a policy makes sense. Now, we’re back to, okay, what’s the game plan? What does this look like financially? What does this look like in terms of the ability of our time to be able to care and care well? I think, there’s just a lot to navigate here that is not just financial, but that is emotional as well. She does a great job in that book, in the episode, we just recorded as well, of how do you initiate these conversations in a loving and respectful way? But more than anything, to get out in front of the planning. Again, whether you’re planning for yourself, whether you’re planning for aging parents, so important to be thinking about this.

[0:47:14] TB: This is a little teaser into our next few risks that we’ll cover in the next episode, in terms of just tough conversations that need to be had, so we can prevent things happening in the future. It’s just a byproduct of old age and being able to care for oneself. That can be hard to broach those subjects with your children, even adult children. There’s some vulnerability. I think, just the way you approach that, and obviously, people have different relationships with parents, and some people are really close. Some people brought up in a house where you don’t talk about money, you don’t talk about some of these things. It can be really hard.

I think, one of the things that really stuck with me with Cameron’s work and her writings is like, you don’t want to get to a point where you’re having to go through the courts to get the care that your loved ones need. If you can avoid that at all costs, even it means having an uncomfortable conversation, or maybe it’s not a conversation, maybe it’s a letter to break the ice and you go from there, I think it’s needed.

[0:48:25] TU: Yeah. Whether it’s the courts, or in her instance, and we’re going through this right now with my grandmother as well. But in Cameron’s instance, she had a mom who is struggling with memory loss and Alzheimer’s that her message, and one of her main messages, hey, you want these conversations and planning that be happening before those instances are in question, where you’re now dealing with more challenges of, is someone in the right state of mind to be able to make those decisions, and what are the legal implications of that?

Great stuff, Tim. That is five of the 10 common retirement risks to plan for. We’re going to be bringing the rest of this list back on the next episode, so make sure to join us here next week. Of course, for folks that are listening to this and thinking, “Hey, it’d be really helpful to have someone in my corner that really can help me plan for retirement, as well as other parts of the financial plan,” we’d love to have a conversation with you to have you learn more about our one-on-one fee-only financial planning services, as well as to learn more about your individual plan and the goals that you have. You can book a free discovery call by going to yfpplanning.com. Again, that’s yfpplanning.com. All right, we’ll see you next week.

[END OF EPISODE]

[0:49:33] TU: Before we wrap up today’s show, I want to again thank this week’s sponsor of the Your Financial Pharmacists Podcast, First Horizon. We’re glad to have found a solution for pharmacists that are unable to save 20% for a down payment on a home. A lot of pharmacists in the YFP community have taken advantage of First Horizon’s pharmacist home loan, which requires a 3% down payment for a single-family home, or townhome for first-time home buyers and has no BMI on a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage.

To learn more about the requirements for First Horizon’s pharmacist home loan and to get started with the pre-approval process, you can visit yourfinancialpharmacist.com/home-loan. Again, that’s yourfinancialpharmacist.com/home-loan.

[DISCLAIMER]

[0:50:18] TU: As we conclude this week’s podcast, an important reminder that the content on this show is provided to you for informational purposes only and is not intended to provide and should not be relied on for investment, or any other advice. Information on the podcast and corresponding materials should not be construed as a solicitation, or offer to buy, or sell any investment, or related financial products.

We urge listeners to consult with a financial advisor with respect to any investment. Furthermore, the information contained in our archive, newsletters, blog posts, and podcasts is not updated and may not be accurate at the time you listen to it on the podcast. Opinions and analyses expressed herein are solely those of your financial pharmacists, unless otherwise noted, and constitute judgments as of the dates published. Such information may contain forward-looking statements, which are not intended to be guarantees of future events. Actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements.

For more information, please visit yourfinancialpharmacist.com/disclaimer. Thank you again for your support of the Your Financial Pharmacist Podcast. Have a great rest of your week.

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YFP 318: Midyear Tax Planning and Projections


YFP Director of Tax, Sean Richards, CPA, EA digs into what midyear tax projections are, why they matter, and specific examples where a midyear projection can help someone optimize their financial situation. We discuss the importance of adjusting withholdings, ensuring record keeping is up to date, common pitfalls business owners and side hustlers can avoid with a projection and tax considerations with student loan payments coming back online. 

Episode Summary

YFP Director of Tax, Sean Richards, CPA, EA is here to explain the incredible benefits of doing a midyear tax projection. Sean defines a midyear projection, illustrates how projections can lead to peace of mind, and clarifies why everyone should be doing their own midyear projections. Our conversation explores why being proactive is always better than being reactive, why proactive planning is necessary when making big life changes like getting married or buying property, or getting a new job, and a host of real-world examples that highlight the undeniable benefits of midyear projections. Plus, Sean describes how midyear projections can help with tax optimization and strategies for student loan repayments, and the wealth of opportunities that become available to business owners who embrace proactive planning. 

Key Points From the Episode

  • A warm welcome back to the show to YFP Director of Tax, Sean Richards. 
  • How he’s spending his free time post-tax season as a father of two under two.  
  • Sean explains what a midyear projection is.  
  • How projections can lead to peace of mind. 
  • Why everyone should be doing a midyear projection for themselves, according to Sean.
  • Real-world examples of the benefits of doing a mid-year projection.
  • How being proactive is better than being reactive.
  • Why proactive planning is a necessity when making big life changes like buying property.
  • The role of midyear projections in tax optimization. 
  • Exploring the opportunities available for business owners who do midyear projections. 
  • How a midyear projection can help you optimize your student loan repayment strategy.

Episode Highlights

“A lot of people get stressed out about taxes, and I don’t blame them — when you’re in high school, you learn that the mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell, but they don’t teach you how to file your taxes and do basic finance things.” — Sean Richards [04:52]

“At the very minimum, anybody who’s paying taxes and has a job and has to file a tax return at the end of the year should be doing some level of projecting the end of the year, to make sure that there’s no crazy surprises.” — Sean Richards [09:27]

“To the extent [that] you can mirror your tax strategy with your financial plan; it’s always just the best way to do things.” — Sean Richards [34:25]

Links Mentioned in Today’s Episode

Episode Transcript

EPISODE 318

[INTRODUCTION]

[00:00:00] TU: Hey, everybody. Tim Ulbrich here, and welcome to this week’s episode of the YFP Podcast, where we strive to inspire and encourage you on your path towards achieving financial freedom.

This week, I welcome back to the show, YFP Director of Tax, Sean Richards. We discuss mid-year tax projections, what they are, why they matter, and specific examples for how a mid-year projection can help someone optimize their tax situation. We discuss the importance of adjusting withholdings, ensuring record keeping is up-to-date, common pitfalls that business owners and side hustlers can avoid with a projection, and tax considerations with student loan payments coming back online in a couple of months.

You can learn more about YFP tax services for both individuals and businesses, by visiting yfptax.com. Again, that’s yfptax.com. 

[INTERVIEW]

[0:00:50] TU: Sean, welcome back to the show.

[0:00:52] SR: Thank you. It feels like I was just here, but it also feels like it was just tax season yesterday. So I think things are all sort of blending together at this point, which is understandable given the rush of everything, and now that we’re in summer and all these other stuff going on, but I love being here. I appreciate you having me back on.

[0:01:08] TU: So, we’re post-tax season, you’ve got a new baby in the house, we’re gearing up for mid-year projections, which we’re going to talk about in this show. You should have ton of free time right now, right?

[0:01:19] SR: Yes. I really haven’t been doing a whole lot of anything, just kicking back on the couch, and kind of watching a lot of TV and stuff. It’s baseball season, so you get these games that you can just sort of put on the background and sleep all day. That’s basically what I’ve been doing. Yes, nothing really going on at work, at home with the new baby, and the other baby who’s under two. Two under two right now, so yes, a lot of free time. So if you’ve got anything for me to work on, please send it over.

[0:01:45] TU: I’ll keep that in mind. Two under two is intense. Yes, I remember, I shared with you our oldest two are separated by 17 months, and our other two are a little bit further spaced out. Two under two is the real deal, so kudos to you and your wife for making that happen. As you were talking about yesterday, I can remember very well. All of a sudden, baby comes in and your oldest, who still is relatively young looks much older all of a sudden, right?

[0:02:11] SR: Yes, she does look much older. But she also – and I swear it’s not just a comparison of or – I shouldn’t say the comparison, but now, we have a little one at home, so she seems older. But I swear, overnight, she went from being one and a half to being two and getting those terrible twos right in there. Because, man, it’s like you said, it’s intense. But it’s really exciting, it’s awesome. I mean, I couldn’t be happier with everything. But it definitely – it’s exciting challenge what I would say for sure.

[0:02:38] TU: Well, last time we had you on was Episode 309. We talked about the top 10 tax blunders that pharmacists make. That was coming off of the tax season. Here we are, end of July, people may not be thinking about taxes in the middle and dead of the summer, but we’re going to hopefully make a case of why tax is important to consider not just in tax season, not just in December, but really year-round. That’s our philosophy, our belief at YFP Tax, that tax planning, especially for those that have more complicated situations, when done well, is exactly that. We’re doing year-round planning, we’re proactive, we’re not as reactive. We’re going to talk about an important piece of that year-round approach, which is the mid-year projection today.

Before we discuss that midyear projection and some of the details and reasons of doing that, Sean, just define at a high level by what we mean by that term, right? We throw that around internally all the time, mid-year projection. All of our listeners certainly are familiar, hopefully, with filing taxes, but maybe not as familiar have experienced with a mid-year projection, so tell us more.

[0:03:42] SR: Yes. I mean, it really is. I mean, if you look at what it says, it’s a projection, right? You’re projecting out what you expect to have at the end of the year. Really what it is, is kind of like putting together your tax return now based on what you think it’s going to be at the end of the year. Obviously, there’s some variables there and some uncertainty with everything, as it always is with forecasting, and budgeting, and that sort of thing. That being said, given that there are uncertainties, there are things that you want to keep an eye on. So, yes, it’s really just doing a projection of your finances for the year, and really coming down to what we think your tax return is going to look like. Are you going to have a bill? Are you going to have a refund or not? Then, looking at that and working backwards to say, “What can we do to tweak things?”

[0:04:29] TU: If we go a layer deeper on that, Sean, why do one? What’s the case to have one done? What’s ultimately the goal that we’re shooting for here?

[0:04:38] SR: I think the goal, and I mean, you kind of alluded to before saying, people probably aren’t thinking about taxes right now, and that’s totally fair. I don’t expect people to be thinking about taxes right now, unless you’re maybe me or somebody in similar shoes as me. But, I mean, the goal is that a lot of people get stressed out about taxes, and I don’t blame them. It’s one of those things where I joke that when you’re in high school, you learn that the mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell, but they don’t teach you how to file your taxes, and do basic finance things, right?

What generally happens is, you’re kind of – I don’t want to say sweeping things under the rug, but you’re not thinking about taxes, or it’s not top of mind throughout the course of the year. Then you get to the end of the year, and you’re doing your return. It’s all looked back, all historical. There’s not much you can do at that point, right? So if you’re filing your return next year, for this year, and you have a big refund, it’s nice to have a refund, but you’ve got all this cash all the sudden that you could have been doing stuff with last year or vice versa. You get to the end of next year, or the end of this year, you’re filing next year, and you have a huge bill. 

Whether you have the cash ready to pay it or not, it’s nothing that anybody wants to have, right? The idea of doing the projection now is that you’re not getting to a point where you’re stressed out, thinking what could have been, what should have been last year. You’re getting ahead of those things and saying, “Hey, right now, things look great. Don’t have to do anything, or things don’t look as good as they could be. Let’s tweak that.” Or maybe not even any of those. It’s just, “Hey, right now, we have status quo, but there’s some things that are changing in my life. I have a new job, or I’m thinking about opening up a rental property, or something.” And making sure you have those ideas in your head now as opposed to, again, in April and handing it to your accountant saying, “I forgot to mention, I bought that house last year. Oops.” 

[0:06:30] TU: Yes. I think with most things, and we’ll talk about some specific examples here. But most things when we shift to more proactive planning versus reactive, and obviously, for those that have more complicated situations, the more the proactive planning is going to help, and we’ll talk about that in more detail as well. But anytime we make that mindset shift, there’s an opportunity for peace of mind as well, right? 

I think a lot of people I talked to, Sean, when I say, “Hey, what are the opportunities? Are you thinking about opportunities to really optimize tax as a part of your financial plan?” Everyone’s like, “Yes, I want to do that. I want to make sure that I’m paying my fair share, but no more.” But then actually, executing on that. It’s like this cloud of not exactly sure what to do, how to best navigate it. I think that is the opportunity with the year-round planning. Ideally, we’ll make the case of why it’s important to have a CPA in your corner throughout the year as well. But I think that peace of mind part is just such an important piece, especially for many pharmacists, I know that have this lingering question of like, “Am I doing everything that I can?” 

There’s the cleanup part where maybe we’ve made mistakes, or we don’t want to have a big bill or refund, but then there’s the second layer of that, which is that nagging feeling of like, is there something else I could be doing? I think that’s one of the values of projection.

[0:07:49] SR: Yes. I mean, the peace of mind thing, like you said, is that I feel like going back to the whole high school idea of how they don’t teach these things to a lot of folks. I remember getting my first job out of college, and I had an accounting, and finance, and even tax background from college. You start getting these things, “Hey, do you want to do an HSA? Do you want to do 401(k)?” There’s ROTH and traditional, there’s IRAs, and everything, and people are like, “I don’t know what any of this stuff is. I’m just – I’m getting a nice paycheck for the first time now. I know I want to save, but I don’t know what any of this stuff means.” It becomes overwhelming to have all these things happen. 

Like you said, you don’t want to come to the end of the year and say, I wish I had done these things. Because I didn’t know that that – there were opportunities for me to save here and there. I just thought that I was doing the right thing by putting my money in this savings account or in this account. So yes, I think, again, the uncertainty, and just sort of lack of general tax knowledge in the country, and world can be stressful, and not having to worry about that is very important for peace of mind in general sanity.

[0:08:55] TU: To be fair, the process is more complicated than it probably needs to be. And because of those complications, there’s some of the ownership and work on us to be planning throughout the year. One of that part piece, of course, would be the mid-year projection. Sean, I have to admit, prior to really building our tax team over the last several years, a mid-year projection was something that was never on my radar. My question for you is, should everyone do a mid-year projection? Is this necessary for everyone?

[0:09:26] SR: I think it is. I think at the very minimum, anybody who’s paying taxes, and has a job, and has to file a tax return at the end of the year should be doing some level of projecting the end of the year to make sure that there’s no crazy surprises. You might be listening to this and saying, “Hey, my situation is really simple. I filled out my W-4 when I started my job. I don’t have any crazy stuff going on. I don’t think I really need to do this.” But again, we keep coming back to this peace of mind thing and that could be great. Maybe your return last year was fine, and there’s not a lot of stuff that’s changing, but there’s always changes to the tax law. I mean, the W-4 system changes all the time, and I know it’s not – people don’t even realize, “Hey, can I claim one or two exemptions?” That’s not how it works anymore.

There’s always changes to the law, and changes to things going on. Even if you think your situation is pretty simple, and doesn’t apply to you, just doing a quick check to make sure, “Hey, there’s not going to be any crazy surprises.” Again, with something like that, you’re not necessarily going to be saying, “Oh, am I taking advantage of all the laws that exist out there, and all the different ways to maximize my tax savings?” But you just want to make sure. “Hey, am I going to owe a ton of money to the IRS at the end of the year? Or am I going to get a ton of money back that the government was borrowing for me for free for the entire year?” What I would say is, if your situation is simple, you can even just go on the W-4 calculator that the IRS provides. It’s not perfect, please. No one from the agency come and chase me down. It’s not a perfect system, and there’s a couple of different things that can happen there.

You might go through the whole process and get a bad answer, and then say, “Well, what am I supposed to do with this? It just says that I’m going to owe a lot of money, but I don’t know how to fix that.” Or you might just use the tool, and like I was alluding to, you might just get frustrated with it and say, “Why all these questions they’re asking me? I don’t understand any of this stuff. Why is it so complicated?” It is a good starting point, I would say, especially for those with simple situations. But I would just advise to be wary when you’re doing it that. It’s not a perfect system, and it definitely can be a little confusing.

[0:11:34] TU: Yes, and I’ll be honest. Admittedly, I’m a little bit impatient, and want these tools to always be better than they are. I’ve been on the IRS W-4 calculator tools, and I’ve gotten annoyed, frustrated playing with that, and I’ve left. I think the decision tree to your point, for people that have a very simple tax situation, can they do it themselves? The technical answer is yes, there’s an IRS calculator. It’s going to give you some basic information. The follow-up question is, do you want to do it yourself? Then the follow-up question to that is, if you have a more complicated situation, and/or you’re looking for more input of advice based on the output of that number, that’s really where some of the assistance and help that can come in from working with professionals. 

We’ll link to the show notes to the IRS W-4 calculator. Certainly, people can play around with that, which I’d recommend regardless of working with someone else. Just have a better understanding of the different inputs in these numbers, and hopefully to get the conversation started as well.

[0:12:33] SR: Yes, absolutely.

[0:12:34] TU: Let’s talk about some common examples where a mid-year projection can help. You’re in these conversations every week with our year-round tax planning clients. We talked about several these in Episode 309. Again, we’ll link to that in the show notes. That was a top 10 tax blunders that we see pharmacists making, which we recorded after the tax season. But I think there’s an opportunity here really to bring to life, not just the academic or theoretical side of why a video projection may be necessary, or what it is, but some actual examples where a mid-year projection can help. I’ll turn it over to you to talk through some of the most common places where you see this having value.

[0:13:11] SR: Yes, sure. I would say, the number one thing probably is just adjusting withholdings in a very – to put it in two words, it’s adjusting your withholdings, or adjusting withholdings, get rid of the “your” and “there.” But I swear I’m better at math than I lead on when I do these things. But yes, it’s adjusting withholdings. Like I said, the W-4 system changed a few years ago. Some people don’t even realize that. Some people probably set up their withholdings 20 years ago, and they started a job, and haven’t done anything since then. That might work for some folks, but the way that the W-4 holdings works now with the IRS is, if you get a new job, or your spouse gets a new job, or you have changes in salary, and everything, your withholdings might not be working the way that they did in the past.

You can also have other life events that sort of throw a wrench into that. You can get married, have kids. Even if you are married, you can kind of consider, and we’ll talk more about this when we get into some of the other blunders, but consider whether you’re going to file separately or file jointly. That changes the way you do withholdings and everything. That’s probably the number one area. Like I said, not withholding properly at the end of the year is almost certainly going to cause a problem whether it’s you’re over withholding, and you’re getting that big refund back, or you’re under withholding and you have a big bill.

The biggest and easiest way to kind of course correct. If we do a projection and we see that that’s the case, submit your W-4 to your employer, all of a sudden, you’re withholding appropriately. We can do a catch up to get you to where you need to be, or make an estimated payment or something like that. But I would say that’s the number one thing, and it sort of encapsulates everything else. Not entirely, but just because holding down a W-2 job and getting the taxes taken out of your paycheck is the way that most folks are paying the IRS. I would say, that’s probably the biggest one.

[0:15:04] TU: Let me jump in real quick, Sean, before you move on to other common examples, because that one is so common. I just want to highlight, when you think about the situations where withholding adjustments are necessary, you mentioned individuals getting married, and need dependents, I think about people that are moving different locations. They’re buying homes, new job, changes in income. These are things we see all the time. The key here is, we want to give ourselves as much time as possible to make a pivot, or a change on either side of this. We find out that, “Hey, because of X, Y and Z, we’re anticipating a big refund. All right. Let’s start making some adjustments, so we can put that money to work in other parts of the financial planning.”

We find out that we’re going to have a big liability due. Well, we just bought ourselves some more time to kind of budget, and plan before that payment is going to become due, and to make those adjustments. That’s so important, because this is the phase of life where we least want a surprise, right, especially on the O side of things, right? Getting married, moving, new job, new house, expenses that come with that. We want to avoid as much as possible, the surprises that are going to put a wrench in the other part of the financial plan. 

I think withholdings, adjusting withholdings, we all are familiar with. You take a new job, you fill out the paperwork, but I think we can lose track of that throughout the year, or when those job changes aren’t happening. Just wanted to drive that home further.

[0:16:26] SR: The two things I would add to that are also – the big thing is that people are always excited about getting their refunds, right? If you get a big refund back, it’s cool. It’s almost like you found the $20 bill in your pocket, and went to the washing machine that you didn’t know about. But would you rather find out about a refund in April and get the cash back now, or find out now that you’re going to be getting that refund back, and then be able to actually put that in a savings account, or deploy it somewhere where you can get a return on it, as opposed to getting that cash back in a few months with nothing, right? It’s like a net present value sort of thing to borrow finance term. But would you rather get $10,000 in six months or $10,000 now? The answer is now, right?

[0:17:09] TU: Especially with where interest rates are on high-yield savings accounts and other things.

[0:17:12] SR: Exactly. I mean, any way that you can get a little bit of extra cash now as opposed to tomorrow, or anytime in the future, it’s better. Then the other thing that I would say, I keep going back to the whole W-4 withholding thing, is that you might be perfectly fine at your job and nothing has changed. When I say perfectly fine, status quo, right? You’re working the same job, standard raises every year, nothing crazy going on. But with the way the W-4 systems work now, if your spouse goes and gets a new job, and they update their W-4, but you don’t do anything on your end, that can mess things up. People don’t realize that. They’re thinking, “Hey. You go and claim the exemptions that you’ve always claimed in the past.” We have one kid, or two kids, or whatever it is, but that’s not the way it works anymore. 

Even if it’s not you that’s had changes to your life, specifically, you have to think about your entire family and everybody who’s landing on that tax return at the end of the day. That’s one thing that definitely slipped some folks minds, I would say.

[0:18:05] TU: Great stuff. So just withholdings, I’m hearing you loud and clear, probably the most common thing that we see. It’s one of those things that big impact, but not a huge amount of work to be done to make this pivot. That’s a low hanging fruit. Talk us through other common examples where a mid-year projection can really help.

[0:18:24] SR: One good one is, this is another kind of, “Hey, this comes up every year with tax and filing is record keeping.” So we get to the end of the year, you purchased a rental property, and you’re excited about it, you’re getting some cash and everything. And now it’s time to file taxes. Instead of just your typical, “Hey, Sean, or Mr. CPA, here’s my W-2, and here’s my 10-99, and I’m good to go.” You have a rental property now. There’s a lot of things that need to go into something like that. You might not be thinking about some of the ins and outs that happen with that. I mean, if you have improvements to your property, those are treated differently than if you have electricity costs that go into your property. There’s a lot of different things that people don’t think about.

It’s not even that people don’t think about it, you don’t want to be scrambling at the end of the year to say, “Ah, I got to go get all those receipts, and get all my finances together and all that stuff, and try to get pulled all together when everybody’s trying to all do the same thing.” The extent you can get ahead of that now is great, obviously from a getting your ducks in a row and helping your CPA out at the end of the year. But also, going back to this whole idea of what am I going to owe at the end of the year? If you’re able to come to me or whoever you’re working with and say, “Hey, here’s the settlement statement for the house that I just bought. Here’s all the details. Here are all the closing costs and everything. Can you build that into my projection?”

The answer is absolutely yes. I’ll run that through and see what your rental is going to look like for the year or anything. It doesn’t have to be a rental property. You can be starting a side business, or doing anything like that. But just having this stuff together gets you ready for the end of the year, but also allows us to be able to, again, do those calculations to say, “Hey, you know, that rental that you built, or that you just bought, and you just did that big addition on? Well, that’s going to save you in depreciation this year, so you’re going to get a refund back. Let’s redeploy that cash.” Maybe you put it back into the rental property, I don’t know. But now we have the opportunity to do something with it.

[0:20:27] TU: I’m so glad you mentioned this one, because we are seeing a larger and larger part of our community that’s jumping into real estate investing. We’re seeing a larger percentage of our community that’s jumping into a side hustle or a business. Just so important, and we’ll talk about other things for business owners here in a moment to consider. But what we’re trying to avoid – not that this ever happened, Sean. But we’re trying to avoid is, hey, we get to tax filing, and you ask for the information come February and March. It’s like, “Oh, yes. By the way, I bought a rental property eight months ago. Can you figure this out right for me tomorrow?” Again, proactive planning.

[0:21:05] SR: Now, that example, “Hey, I bought a rental property last year, I forgot to mention it to you.” People might be rolling their eyes saying, “Okay. Well, if you work with an accountant, who is not going to tell their account about their rental property?” Sure, that’s totally – that might be unrealistic to some folks, I get it. But we’ve seen plenty of circumstances where folks have been, say, living in their house for 20 years. They decide, I’m going to rent out a couple rooms in the house this time for the first time. Hey, that’s awesome. Get some side income, be able to write off some of the expenses. It’s great. You’ve been living in this house for 20 years. We need to start taking depreciation on this house for rental, we need all the costs for the last 20 years that you put into that thing. 

I mean, I know now some people might be sweating saying, oh, boy, that’s a lot of look back, right? But it’s something that’s going to need to get done anyway, so we rather get ahead of it now or have me looking for that in April, right?

[0:21:55] TU: Yes, good stuff.

[0:21:56] SR: A little bit of a different example there. But hopefully trying to get some people thinking about things.

[0:22:01] TU: Yes. I think, just a proactive, when people are starting, I’m thinking about a lot of individuals in our community that are new real estate investors, first property. So I’m not sure, number one thing on their mind, especially if they’re not yet working with an accountant would be thinking about a lot of the record keeping and get ahead of the proactive tax planning. Now, if they’ve worked with an accountant, or they are multiple properties in, different situation, the trigger goes off. Similar if you’ve been in business for a while, the light bulbs go off more often, like, “Oh, yes. I got to talk to the accountant about this.”

What about opportunities for tax optimization? One of the things I think about with a mid-year projection is, “Hey, we’ve got an opportunity.” Again, proactive not reactive, to really look ahead and say, “Hey, there are the things that we can be doing to pay our fair share, but no more, and optimize their overall tax situation.” Tell us more here.

[0:22:51] SR: Yes, and this one’s good, because it applies to everybody in a very broad spectrum of things, depending on what you have going on in your financial life. That could be something where it’s as simple as, “Hey, I’m working a W-2 job, my spouse is working a W-2 job, we don’t have any kids, nothing else really going on. What can we do to optimize our taxes given our situation?” That’s a perfect example of where it’s an awesome time for your accountant and your financial planner to sort of work together. Because there’s always the idea of, “Hey, we want to maximize our tax savings, but we have a life. We need to be able to have cash to pay our bills and do other things too.” It’s a very delicate balancing act of, “I want to maximize my tax savings, but at the same time, have enough cash to do all the things that I need to do.” It’s a perfect time to work with both your accountant and financial planner to say, “Hey, should I put more money into my HSA? Should I put money into a 529 plan? What kind of thing should I be doing with my extra cash? That opportunity cost of $1?” 

But you can also have more, I say, more fun examples, because it’s the ones where you can really think about different opportunities that are out there, and how to take advantage of these laws. An example of that would be, say you have a side business, and you need to buy a new vehicle. There’s so many different things that you can do with that. I could spend an hour maybe. We’ll have a separate podcast on buying a vehicle in the active locations of doing so. I mean, get side business. Hey, how much are you going to be using this thing for business? Are we able to take a section 179 deduction? Is it a type of vehicle that would qualify for something like that?

We have all these new EV credits with the inflation Reduction Act. Are we going to be able to take advantage of all those? What if we use it for business? Can we still take the credits and everything? That might be a little bit of a nuanced example to some folks, but it’s a perfect example in my mind of how something that is, maybe on a day-to-day thing that happens. But something that purchase that folks are going to need to make in their life, most likely. You can really use that as an opportunity to say, “Hey, I got to do this anyway.” How can I also maximize my tax savings at the end of the day, when you’re sitting in a car dealership, and the people are trying to sell you on all these different tools, and upgrades, and everything. You’re probably not thinking, “Hmm. I wonder if I can save my taxes with this purchase?” But it’s always possible.

[0:25:15] TU: I’m going to give credit to our community. I think they are asking that question, Sean. 

[0:25:18] SR: They are, for sure. I’m getting that one a lot. In fact, I would be – I challenge you to find another community that’s as interested in the EV craze right now, which is awesome, I have to say. Really, folks should be looking more and more into that, because of those credits I just mentioned. They’re just every year getting better. But yes, I love it. I mean, every year I’m seeing more folks buying EVs, or buying used EVs and getting the credit now. It’s good stuff.

[0:25:46] TU: So, as we continue talking about some of these common examples where mid-year projection can help the other one that I think about, Sean, that we’re seeing a lot more of is, business owners, especially new business owners, right? Maybe they are thinking about tax considerations, withholdings, making sure they’re making quarterly estimated payments if they have to. What’s the opportunities here with the business owners as it relates to the mid-year?

[0:26:11] SR: Well, this is where I say, take all the examples I was just giving you, and throw them out the window. Not exactly, but when I was talking about how adjusting your withholdings is such an important part of this entire thing – I shouldn’t say throw out the window, because they do definitely go hand in hand. But if you’re a business owner, you have a side gig, you’re making money doing that, you’re almost certainly not getting W-2 income from that job. Or I shouldn’t say, you’re almost certainly not, but there’s a good chance you’re getting income from that business that is not having taxes withheld on it.

That is probably the number two or number one and a half blunder that we see where folks have these businesses. They’re not setting aside cash. They get to the end of the year, and are excited to give me the P&L that shows, “Hey, look at all this money I made.” Then I say, “That’s awesome. You owe some money in taxes, do you have that ready to go?” And it’s like, “Oh, I wasn’t thinking about that.” It goes hand in hand with the withholding, but it’s really just hey, let’s look at the business right now. Where are we mid-year? What’s your P&L look like to date? What kind of expenses do we have coming up for the rest of the year?

I talked about these EVs and things. How can we think about maximizing your savings there to reduce your business income, and be able to say, “All right. Well, at the end of the year, we’re expecting that we’re going to have $10,000 in business income.” Being able to say that now, and make your estimated payments up to the IRS is not only a good thing, it’s actually what you’re required to do per the law, right? That’s where I would say that a projection isn’t a nice to have, but an absolute necessity if you’re a business owner. It’s something where you can’t really say, “Hey, I’ll think about this later, or let’s just hope the chips fall in a good spot.” You really need to be doing a projection now to say, “What am I going to owe? Do I need to pay estimated taxes now? Should I have been making estimated quarterly payments up until now? Maybe I need to do a little catch up to hopefully not have a penalty at the end of the year at this point?” But again, to any extent you’re able to get ahead of that now, when I’m looking at the calendar, it says July versus December, January, April, it’s always better.

[0:28:25] TU: Yes. Especially, Sean, think about those new business owners again. Where, often, there’s excitement around the growth, there’s a reinvesting of any of the profits that tried to continue to grow the business. If we can identify some of this mid-year, sometimes that even inform some of the business strategy of like, “Hey, are we charging appropriately? What’s the service model look like?” And making sure that accounting for taxes as I look at the bottom line, and making sure we’ve got cash on hand to do these other things, and of course, not being caught off guard as you mentioned, as well.

[0:28:59] SR: Yes. To give – I don’t want to say a very specific example, because it’s something that we see very, very often. It might seem specific to some folks, but I think a lot of people here will resonate with this. But big one is, business owners, especially first-time business owners paying themselves. A lot of folks will do that, and then they’re maintaining their records and saying, “Hey, my net income is going to be pretty low at the end of the year, so I don’t have to worry about estimated taxes or anything like that.”

Then, we get to the end of the year, you provide your P&L, and I say – actually those $10,000 that you paid yourself, it’s not really a salary expense of the business, because it’s just a sole proprietorship. It’s actually just taxable income to you whether you took the cash or not. That can be very eye opening in a bad way for a lot of folks at the end of the year. It’s not entirely intuitive to think of it that way. You might be thinking, “Well, I worked with the business, I’m paying myself. Isn’t that an expense?” In the eyes of the IRS, depending on the way you’re set your setup, it may or may not be right. Getting ahead of that now and having your accountant maybe give you that bad news of, “Hey, that money is actually something you’d have to pay taxes on the end of the year now so you can plan ahead.” Is always better than getting that during your tax review meeting in April or May

[0:30:14] TU: Yes, and I get it. For the small business owners, we were there several years ago. For the small business owners that are just getting started, you’re looking at working with a CPA, it’s another expense in the business. I get it, right, but it’s going to pay dividends when you talk about making sure you’ve got the right entity set up classification, separate conversation for a separate day. Making sure we’re withholding correctly, getting financial statements set up correctly, making sure that we’ve got the books in good order. These are all going to be critical components to building a healthy business. You’re not going to get all of it right as you’re getting started, and that’s okay. I think some of that is natural. But making that investment, and building that in as an expense of the business from Jump Street as a part of just doing business to make sure you’ve got all of that in order is going to be really, really important. 

[0:31:05] SR: Right. It’s not just a nice to have, like I said, it’s something where that should be part of your plan from the get go, and you’re building this out. People might be thinking about, well, “Hey, isn’t this podcast supposed to be about doing a mid-year projection? Why are we talking about what my business looks like? That’s kind of different than my taxes, right?” But like I said in the beginning when I was explaining what a projection is, you’re really just basically doing your tax return for the end of the year with the information that you have on hand. One of the lines right there is, “Hey, what’s your business income?” If you want to do a correct projection for your taxes, you’re going to actually have to do a projection for your business as well. Even though it might seem like it’s going a little bit too far, or you might not be able to connect those dots there, it’s something that it’s absolutely intertwined and something that you need to do for sure.

[0:31:51] TU: Last but certainly not least on our list. What would be a YFP episode if we didn’t talk about student loans? We’ve got student loans coming back online here in a couple months. A lot of questions that are coming up related to the restart of those payments. We’ve talked at length before about how tax and student loans can certainly be intertwined, depending on one’s loan repayment strategy. What is the value or potential value here, Sean, for someone that’s optimizing, or looking to optimize your student loan repayment strategy, and where the mid-year projection can play a role?

[0:32:24] SR: Yes, I can’t take any paternity leave anymore. Because when I do, it seems like they announced all these student loan changes, and everybody’s all excited and wants to talk to their CPA, and I’m sleeping on the couch with the kids and everything. So lesson learned there. But yes, absolutely. This is another example that I would say is a perfect example of where mirroring your tax strategy and working with a financial planner, or whoever manages the finances in your household and does the budgeting and everything is absolutely instrumental in making all this work together. 

Yes. I mean, with student loans, there’s a lot of different things that can happen there. People have been asking me about, “Hey, so I’ve heard that you can file separately, or file jointly, or do these different things to maximize, or I should say, maximize savings, minimize my loan payments, or my spouse’s loan payments.” Yes. I mean, that is something that you can make that decision when you’re doing taxes to say, “Hey, am I going to file separately or am I going to file jointly?” But it all goes back to that idea of withholding and making sure that you were know how that works. Most of our clients who aren’t doing the student loan thing that are married, generally, are filing jointly. That’s what you’re told from the get go, right? “Hey, you get married, you file jointly, you get all the benefits of doing it, it’s the best way to do things.”

For someone to come and tell you, “Hey, actually, going forward, filing separately might be better for you.” Not only is that shocking for some folks to hear or like a complete change of what they’ve been told throughout the course of their life, but it also changes how they need to do withholdings and how they need to think about credits that they might have, whose return is that going to land on, and just one spouse withholds a little extra and recognize at the end of the year, they might get a refund that offsets their spouses tax bill or something like that.

There’s a lot of things that you want to make sure that again, even though you think that might be something you can make that call at the end of the year, just given all the different stuff going on with the loans, being on top of that now, and trying to minimize those surprises is always a better thing to do. To the extent you can mirror your tax strategy with your financial plan, it’s always just the best way to do things.

[0:34:31] TU: Great stuff. As always, Sean, as we wrap up this episode talking about the mid-year projection and the role it can play in some of the areas where it can effectively be utilized. Let me encourage folks to check out the resources and services that we have available, yfptax.com. We’ll link to that in the show notes. We have individual year-round tax planning led by Sean. As well as for those that do own a business, bookkeeping to fractional CFO, as well as some of the business tax planning that’s associated with that. Again, yfptax.com, you can learn more, you can schedule a call with Sean as a discovery call to learn more about that service, and whether or not that’s a good fit. Sean, thanks so much. Appreciate it.

[0:35:13] SR: Thanks, Tim. Talk to you soon.

[END OF INTERVIEW]

[0:35:15] TU: As we conclude this week’s podcast, an important reminder that the content on this show is provided to you for informational purposes only and is not intended to provide, and should not be relied on for investment or any other advice. Information in the podcast and corresponding materials should not be construed as a solicitation or offer to buy or sell any investment or related financial products. We urge listeners to consult with a financial advisor with respect to any investment. 

Furthermore, the information contained in our archive, newsletters, blog post, and podcast is not updated and may not be accurate at the time you listen to it on the podcast. Opinions and analyses expressed herein are solely those of your financial pharmacist unless otherwise noted, and constitute judgments as of the dates publish. Such information may contain forward-looking statements, which are not intended to be guarantees of future events. Actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements.

For more information, please visit yourfinancialpharmacist.com/disclaimer. Thank you again for your support of the Your Financial Pharmacist podcast. Have a great rest of your week.

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Credit Card Rewards: The Ultimate Guide

By Dr. Jeffrey Keimer

The following post contains affiliate links through with YFP or its team members may receive compensation. 

This is a guest post from Dr. Jeffrey Keimer. Dr. Keimer is a 2011 graduate of Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences and pharmacy manager for a regional drugstore chain in Vermont. He and his wife Alex have been pursuing financial independence since 2016. Check out Jeff’s book, FIRE Rx: The Pharmacist’s Guide to Financial Independence to learn how to create an actionable plan to reach financial independence.

When you buy something, would you rather pay full price or get it at a discount?

Well, unless you wear paying full retail as some sort of weird badge of honor, I’m willing to bet you’d rather go with the latter; and to be sure, there are many ways to get stuff for less.  You could shop the clearance rack, buy in bulk, and maybe even haggle.  

But what if, after you’ve tried all those things, you’d still like to pay less?  Enter the credit card reward point.  Ever since the concept was introduced back in the mid 1980s, consumers have been able to get reimbursed for bits of their purchases and do just that, get what’s effectively an additional discount.  And, if you play your cards right (pun fully intended), that discount can be incredible.  

In this post, I’ll teach you how to play the credit card rewards game, and make no mistake, it is a game and the prizes get better as you get more advanced.  At its basic level, credit card rewards can help you pay a bit less overall for the things you buy on a daily basis.  But at the game’s highest level of play, so-called travel hacking, you can exploit these programs to travel the world in luxury for free.

Interested?

Cool.  

In a nutshell, the rewards game comes down to two things: earning and redeeming.  For each, I’ll cover some of the common strategies, broken down by difficulty, that you can use to maximize rewards in a way that works for you.  Don’t want to go down the full travel hacking rabbit hole and start a Tik Tok about free first-class travel?  Then don’t.  The rewards game can be lucrative even at the beginner level with minimal effort.  

Before we get into all that though, we need to talk about the ways you can lose the game.

Ways to Lose

First and foremost, when dealing with credit cards and the reward programs surrounding them, don’t think for a second that the companies offering these benefits are losing money with them.  Just the opposite.  Credit cards represent one of, if not the, most profitable parts of the banking industry and rewards cards are no exception. And while rewards give us the opportunity to take back some of those profits for ourselves, the way you lose here is the same way everybody else loses.

How?  

First and foremost, credit cards charge people exorbitant interest when they carry a balance.  This is even more so with rewards cards since they generally charge higher APR’s and fees than non-rewards cards.  Because of that, it is extremely important that if you plan on playing the rewards game you’re in a position to pay your balance off in full each and every month.  

Have trouble with that or are you currently in credit card debt?  DO NOT PLAY THIS GAME!

Second, people tend to spend more when using credit cards than they do when using cash alone.  Why?  While the jury is still out on the exact cause, recent research suggests that the dopaminergic reward pathways in the brain are involved.  Yeah, those pathways!  Turns out the old phrase “shopaholic” might be pretty spot on.

Once you add in the prospect of other rewards to your shopping, it’s not hard to see why banks push rewards cards.  Rewards cards generally charge merchants a higher fee when you use them and finding ways to get you to spend more is insanely profitable.  Your job, if you decide to play the rewards game, is to resist.  Remember, the point here is to get a discount on your normal spending so you can free up money for other goals, not inflate your lifestyle.  Rewards can be great, but not if they come at the expense of blowing up your budget.

Finally, I wouldn’t recommend playing (at least not aggressively) if you plan on getting a serious loan, like a mortgage in the near future.  Opening up a number of credit cards in a short period of time, as many travel hackers do, might spook a loan officer resulting in a denial of your loan application.

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Earning Rewards

As I said before, the game involves two parts: earning and redeeming.  In this section, I’m going to talk about some of the most common ways people earn points, miles, cash back, even crypto (all of which I’ll refer to as “points” for simplicity’s sake for the rest of the article) and break down each strategy by its relative difficulty in practice.  What follows is by no means an exhaustive list, but should help you get started and decide how deep down the rabbit hole you want to go.

Beginner

Points/Cash Back on Purchases (One Card)

This is probably what most people who dip their toes into the realm of credit card rewards do.  You open a card that earns points on every purchase and put pretty much all your spending on that card.

Simple, right?

It is.  The only complexity here comes down to what card you choose to use.  First, you need to decide if you want your points to pay for travel or act as cash back (typically in the form of a statement credit).  In terms of overall redemption value, travel tends to come out on top here, but like anything, there can be nuance.  Sometimes going for the cash-back card can make more sense depending on your lifestyle.

Second, you need to decide whether or not you’re open to a card with an annual fee.  If your plan is to use the points for travel redemptions, it’s almost certain that you’re going to need one with an annual fee since many of the most lucrative redemption options will be closed off to you in the no-fee tier of cards.  If, on the other hand, you’re going to redeem your points for cash back then a no-fee card can work just fine.

Third, you need to decide what kind of points you’re looking for.  That’s going to depend on how you see yourself redeeming them.  Many points limit what you can do, only letting you use them for cash back or with a particular business.  On the other hand, some points, such as those issued by the various card issuers themselves, can offer a wider range of flexibility.  That flexibility often comes at the cost of an annual fee though, so bear that in mind.

Finally, you need to pick an individual card.  The choice here simply needs to line up the points you want and their earning rates with what you actually spend money on in your budget.  Like to eat out and order food?  Make sure to look for a high earning rate on dining expenses.  Fly a lot?  Find a card that offers a high rate on travel or consider a card with your favorite airline.  It’s not rocket science.  And if nothing in your budget really sticks out as a “bonus category” for you, then look for a card with a high base earnings rate.  These days, there are a number of cards that offer 1.5-2% back on all purchases, usually without an annual fee.

Once you’ve done all this and picked a card, you’re good to go.  You won’t be writing a travel hacking blog, but you’ve gone from zero to something in the rewards game.  And while you may decide to go no further (nothing wrong with that), following these steps to evaluate new cards is fundamental to the higher levels of play.

Sign-Up Bonus (SUB) Targeting

Out of all the point-earning opportunities, the most lucrative BY FAR is the SUB.

And just how lucrative can a SUB be? 

Well, as I’m writing this, I’m finishing up one that offers 80,000 points on $4,000 worth of spending in the first 3 months.  Given my history with these points, I generally get around 2.5 cents worth of value from each of them bringing the total value of the SUB to $2,000.  That’s a 50% return on that spending!

When it comes to the rewards game, SUBs offer the greatest chance to generate value.  Therefore, any strategy approaching the rewards game should take them into account; even if you only plan on opening a single card.

At the beginner level, interacting with SUBs is a little different than the more advanced levels and, paradoxically, requires a lot more thought up front.  This is because you’ll be targeting a SUB on a card you plan to keep versus one you’ll likely close.  As such, when thinking about SUBs at this level, you want to target a specific type of card first, then target the best SUB within the list of cards meeting your criteria.

The benefit to approaching SUBs this way is that you don’t really have to worry about all the other little (and often unsaid) rules that come along with SUBs.  Just open the card you want, meet the SUB criteria (if there are any), then enjoy keeping and using the card. That’s it.

Intermediate

Got your feet wet with a new card and want more?  Cool.  Personally, this is the level where I operate for the most part.  If you like to travel, success at this level can help cover a significant portion of that part of your budget.

Before getting into that, a disclaimer.  At the intermediate level, we’re going to start getting into the weeds regarding some of the “rules” surrounding credit card openings.  I’m going to be a little vague here, and that’s intentional.  Many of these so-called rules are based on guidelines used by credit card companies (often not published publicly) to determine whether or not you’ve run afoul of their terms of service; prompting them to take away all your points and cease doing business with you.  Those terms of service (particularly in areas such as program misuse) tend to be intentionally vague themselves, so I’m going to follow suit here.

Multi-Card Optimization

Let’s say you started off your rewards journey with a single card.  Maybe that first card gave you a dope 6% back on groceries.  Sweet!  But when it comes to dining out, you get a measly 1% back.  Meanwhile, there are cards out there offering at least triple that in the category with no annual fee!  Using one card for all your spending certainly has the perk of simplicity, but I can guarantee you that you won’t be able to maximize your point earnings with just one card.  

Cards are typically good for covering one or two spending categories, but not much more than that.  This is where a strategy of using multiple cards to cover the gaps can come into play, especially if those additional cards don’t carry an annual fee.

In practice, this might mean you have four or so cards, each with a different role to play.  Going out to eat?  Use the card that gets triple points on dining.  Filling up the car?  Pull out the one that gets 5% back at the pump.  You get the picture.

Depending on what cards you use, there can also be some additional synergies here too.  For example, Chase Bank’s in-house reward point, the Ultimate Reward (UR) point, can be earned on a number of their no-fee Freedom cash back cards.  However, the UR point you’d earn with those is the same UR point you’d earn with their premium tier Sapphire cards.  When paired with one of the Sapphire cards, the value of those points can go up significantly.  Given the fact that those no-fee cards can earn significantly higher rates than the Sapphire card in certain places, the multi-card strategy can really bump up your earning potential.

The only real difficulty with a multi-card strategy (and my wife likes to remind me of this) is that it can be tough to juggle multiple cards and remember what to do with all of them at any given time.  This is especially true if you (like me) incorporate one of those cards that have quarterly rotating bonus categories into the mix.  If you are considering this strategy, make yourself a spreadsheet or get a label maker so that it’s easier to keep track of what card pays for what.

SUB Farming (2-4 per year)

In a nutshell, SUB farming is all about getting those sweet SUBs and then saying “thank u, next.”  This can be insanely lucrative for the level of work you’ve got to put in. Those people blogging about how they travel the world in luxury for free all the time?  Yeah, this is how they do it.  The only difference between this level and that one is the degree to which you’re farming bonuses.  At this level, we’re going relatively slow but still looking to cover the expense of flights and/or lodging for a few family vacations a year.

Once you’ve decided that you’d like to farm some SUBs, the first thing you need to do is start a spreadsheet that’s going to detail three things: the card you open, the date you opened it, and the date you received the SUB.  This is important because when it comes to SUBs, the different card issuers have different rules surrounding how often they’ll give you one for a given card or family of cards.  For example, American Express makes it easy, they’ll give you one SUB per card per lifetime.  On the other hand, a bank like Chase might let you get another SUB on a card you’ve previously had after a specified length of time.  How will you know when you’re up for round 2 on a card?  The spreadsheet!

In addition to telling you when you might be up for another go at a card, having a spreadsheet can also inform you when you might be reaching your limit with certain card issuers.  Going back to Chase (just because their rules are better known) you can only open up a certain number of cards in a given time period before they start rejecting your applications.  Currently (it can always change) they have a rule that if you’ve opened up 5 personal cards with any bank in the last 24 months, they’ll generally reject any new credit applications you make with them.  

And that’s just one of the more famous examples.  Each bank or card issuer is going to have its own rules that they generally don’t publish.  The only way to navigate the waters here is to keep tabs on what your activity’s been and use forums to keep up to date with what other people have discovered regarding the various limits issuers impose.

Finally, when SUB farming, you need to consider whether the card you’re opening for the SUB is a keeper or one that’ll become dead weight in your wallet.  This is all the more important when considering a card with an annual fee.  Some cards have cool ongoing benefits that can even make them worth the fee, others not so much.  Your job is to separate the wheat from the chaff and come up with an exit strategy for the ones that don’t make the cut.  

If you decide the card needs to go, there are a couple of ways to go about it.  The first, and obvious one, is to simply close the account, and, believe it or not, there’s a possible downside to this.  If the card is an old one, it can negatively impact your credit score by decreasing the average age of your lines of credit.  Dumb?  Yes, but it’s still a thing.  In addition, if you close that card “too soon” (which is not really defined) after you got the SUB, the card issuer might flag the account for misuse and claw back the SUB.  

On the upside though, if this is a card you’ve had for a while you might be able to milk another bonus out of it called a “retention bonus.”  You will need to actually talk to a human being about this, but it’s possible that in lieu of closing the account, you can get offered the chance for some extra points, a fee waiver, or a statement credit.

What else can you do?  Downgrade it!  Oftentimes, cards are offered in different tiers, some with an annual fee and perks, others with no fee and fewer perks.  Sometimes the better move is to keep the line of credit open with a card that doesn’t have a fee than shutter the account entirely.

2-Player Mode

Do you know what’s better than scoring a nice SUB on a new card?  Having your spouse open the same card under their name and scoring yet another SUB.  Even better than that?  Getting a referral bonus for referring your spouse to the card.  That’s 2-player mode.

If you’re married or otherwise financially entwined with another human being, 2-player mode can be a great way to rack up points while keeping either one of you out of trouble from a card opening point of view.  Incorporating the rewards game into your financial plan can be great, but only if you steer clear of the dangers listed above and craft a strategy that’s sustainable.  2-player mode helps a lot with the latter.

In addition to helping you keep the party going, 2-player mode also has its own opportunity.  Namely, the opportunity to easily take advantage of cardmember referral programs.  Most cards offer these.  Basically, they give you a link to share with others and if others use that link to open up the card themselves, you get paid.  How much you get paid varies, but if the card in question is one of the more premium varieties, the payout is generally larger.  For instance, with that SUB I’m finishing out now, my wife referred me to the card and got an extra 15,000 points (which we’ll use for ~$375 in travel expenses) just for emailing me a link.  Not bad for a little cut and paste.

You can screw this up though.  Ever hear of an “authorized user?”  It’s when you add someone to your account, they get their own card to use, and all their purchases go on your bill.  Heck, you might even get charged an additional fee every year for having them there.  

Don’t do it.

There’s a time and place for making someone an authorized user on your account, but this isn’t it.  When you make someone an authorized user on a card, you generally shut them out of getting SUBs on that card.  Need to have the card in two places at once?  Use a mobile wallet.

Stacking

When you make a purchase, are credit card points the only incentive out there to encourage your spending?  

No!  

Welcome to the wonderful world of stacking!

Aside from store loyalty programs (which can be part of the stack), there’s a whole cottage industry of commission-sharing companies whose business model is all about getting you to shop places in return for some additional cash or points back on your purchase.  Online, these are typically known as shopping portals.  Your card issuer might even have its own.  

Points or cash back you earn through these sites always earn on top of whatever points your card earns, hence the term stacking.  One level of earning through your card might be nice, but add in another (or maybe multiple as we’ll cover later on) and the total rebate you get on your purchases can approach SUB territory.

The way it works is simple.  You go to the shopping portal site you have an account with, link to the store you want to shop at through their site, do your shopping, and a few days later some extra cash or points are deposited in your account with the shopping portal.  All you have to do is pick the best portal you wish to do business with.  And if you think that’s hard, don’t.  The interweb has made it easy as a number of sites aggregate the top portals and you can search by store.  Personally, I’m a fan of the site Cashback Monitor.

Advanced

Now we get to the more difficult ways to earn points.  At this level, your rewards game is more of a side hustle than a hobby.  To be successful here, you’ll need to consistently put in the effort to stay on top of new developments in the rewards space and have strong organizational skills.

SUB Farming (5+ Per Year)

While the overall process is pretty much the same as at the intermediate level, SUB farming at the advanced level requires some different considerations and an even greater need to keep tabs on your cards.  Personally, I’m not a big fan of SUB farming at this level.  But, if you’re wondering how those people with travel-hacking YouTube channels seem to score five-figure plane tickets for free, this is mainly how it’s done.

First off, as you get more aggressive with SUB farming, the closer you get to your business becoming a liability versus an asset for the credit card companies.  And, as it turns out, they don’t care to do business with people who want to eat into their bottom line.  While there’s no red line where your level of SUB farming activity will get you into trouble, it’s always a concern at this level.  Being active in various forums, learning from other people’s experiences, and getting to know intuitively where those lines might have to be central to your strategy here.

Second, this level of SUB farming presents the challenge of picking good cards to target.  More than likely, you’ll burn through the most desirable cards early on, leaving you with second and third-tier choices.  At that point, you really need to think about what kind of redemption strategy you can use (more on that later) to squeeze value from cards you would’ve passed on otherwise.

Third, many cards (including most of the ones with juicy SUBs) require that you spend a certain amount of money in the first few months in order to qualify for the SUB.  This usually isn’t a problem at the intermediate level but can be challenging at the advanced level, especially if you’re making it a point to not inflate your lifestyle.  So what do you do once you’ve exhausted the parts of your budget you’d normally put on a card?  Look into paying for things like your rent or mortgage with a card.  Typically, those types of expenses don’t allow card payments, but there are services that will let you use a card to pay them, usually charging an extra fee to do so.  Under normal circumstances, it’s totally not a good idea to pay bills this way.  But in this instance, the “return on investment” you get from the SUB might make the juice worth the squeeze.

Finally, just like you need to consider at the intermediate level, determining exit strategies for the various cards you open is super important.  If you don’t you’ll soon find yourself buried in annual fees charged by dozens of cards sitting in a drawer.  In addition, those retention bonuses I mentioned earlier can play a much bigger role at this level of play as you may find that they’re the only way to squeeze any type of bonus out of a card past a certain point.

Multi-Stacking

How can you earn SUB level rebates on your purchases without having to farm another SUB?  Stack a bunch of smaller reward rates and discounts on top of one another!  Multi-stacking is kind of like the extreme couponing of the rewards game but you can get similar results without holding up the line at the grocery store.  

In addition, multi-stacking doesn’t share many of the same types of risks that SUB farming can have.  The primary risk here has to do with your data, as that’s what’s generally paying for all the rewards.  Don’t want to share your data with third parties?  Don’t play around with stacking.

So how does it work?  Generally speaking, there are multiple avenues for stacking discounts outside actual coupons.  They are:

  • Credit Card Offers
  • Shopping Portals
    • Active
    • Passive
  • Gift Card Marketplace
  • Brand Loyalty Programs

Each of these things can form part of your stack so let’s talk about each a little more in-depth and then put it together in an example.

When speaking about credit card offers in this context, I’m not talking about the ones that might promise a SUB.  Offers in this context refer to various smaller promos you can take advantage of either with specific retailers or spending categories.  In general, these offers are found on your credit card account’s online dashboard and you need to opt into them.  If used, many of them will give you additional points or a percentage back as a statement credit.

Next, we come back to shopping portals, but this time, I want to break them down into what I call active and passive.  Active portals are like the ones described earlier.  You have to click a link and shop through that link in order to get the bonus.  Passive portals don’t require that.  With a passive portal, you supply the portal with read-only access to your card transaction data and when you make a purchase with an affiliate, the bonus gets deposited automatically.  Make a purchase through an active portal with a passive affiliate?  Yeah, you get both bonuses.  And if you use multiple passive portals that don’t share the same network infrastructure, it’s possible to double, triple, or even quadruple dip on the rebates.

Online gift card marketplaces present yet another opportunity to shave some extra percent off your purchases.  The premise is simple.  People get gift cards that they don’t want all the time and need a place to offload them.  However, a gift card is just a form of currency that can only be used in limited settings.  Because of that, the market value for gift cards is always lower than that of actual, legal tender currency.  So, if someone wants to sell a gift card for, say, dollars, they have to price it at a discount.  And depending on the popularity of that gift card’s issuer, that discount might be small, or incredibly steep.  In addition, many of these marketplaces often take on the role of new gift card retailers as well, offering cash back on their platforms as an incentive.

Finally, we have the individual retailer’s loyalty program.  While many of these might not be worth your time (and data), especially if you don’t shop with them often, it never hurts to consider them.  Sometimes, you might even get a welcome bonus just for signing up.

Here’s a personal example of this using a gas station near me, as I write this in July 2022, and how my thought process went.

Putting it all together, we get this as a total discount (expressed as a percentage) per gallon:

Not bad, right?  That’s the power of multi-stacking.

Redeeming Rewards

Now that we’ve earned a crap ton of points, it’s time to do something with them.  Mercifully, redeeming rewards tends to be a lot less complicated than earning them and it’s not difficult to extract a reasonable amount of value from them.  Still, there are some things to look out for and some techniques you can use to amp up that value.

Beginner

Cash Back

Redeeming your points for cash back is the absolute easiest way to extract value from them, and depending on your card, it might be the only thing you can do with them.  Typically, points redeem at a 1 cent per point value when cashing them out, which isn’t bad; but not great if you can possibly redeem them for travel expenses.

One word of warning here though.  Oftentimes, retailers affiliated with card issuers will give you the option to “pay with points” which sounds nice, but it’s usually a trap meant for people who don’t bother to do the math.  For example, a very popular online retailer will let me do this with my Chase UR points.  But, when you do the math, you find that redeeming them in this way results in a per-point value of $0.008, 20% less than the value I’d get if I just cashed them out!  

In addition, that same retailer offers a card giving 5 points back on purchases made with them and the option to pay for future purchases with those points.  Sounds reasonable.  But, if you pay with the points, you no longer get the 5 points per dollar from the card.  Better to redeem those points for actual cash or a statement credit than pay with them once again.

Book Travel With Points

This is typically the only option available to you if you have a card earning airline miles or hotel points and a potential option if you carry one of the bank-issued (Chase, American Express, Citi, etc.) premium cards.  For this section, I’m going to focus on the bank cards since there can be more advanced considerations with miles and hotel points.

Nowadays, most of the major card issuers operate their own online travel agencies, and to entice you to use those agencies, they tend to give you a guaranteed bump in the value of your points (typically in the 0.25-0.5 cent per point range) if you use your points to pay for your vacation.  Unlike my previous warning about paying with points, in this context, it can be worth it, especially if you’re looking to keep things simple.

Intermediate

Transferring Points

One of the biggest benefits of having a card that earns bank points such as the Chase UR points or American Express Membership Rewards points is the ability to transfer those points to their travel partners.  And while each bank has its own list of airlines and hotels that they partner with, the ability to transfer lets you shop around within that list to find the best redemption value when booking a trip.  

For example, say you’re looking to book a trip and you don’t really care what airline or hotel you’re going to use.  Once you find out how much it’ll cost in points and/or money from each of the options available to you as a transfer partner, you transfer the points to the partner offering the highest value and cost reduction for your trip.  Oftentimes, the value you’ll be able to squeeze out of a point will be quite a bit more than the 1 cent per point you’d get from just cashing them out.  For my family, we’ve gotten a lot of value from transferring our points out to hotels where we’ve averaged about 2.5 cents per point in value.

One word of warning here.  When you transfer points, the process is typically irreversible.  Found a better redemption after you transferred a bunch of points to that hotel chain?  Guess what?  You’re using the points at the hotel.  Only transfer points once you are absolutely sure that you’re cool with redeeming them with a given travel partner.

Advanced

Gaming Award Charts

Finally, the last thing we’re going to talk about regarding the rewards game is how some of the pros actually land those ridiculous airline redemptions that seem to pepper social media.  While yes, those people accumulate an ungodly amount of points through aggressive SUB farming and the like, they’re also incredibly conscious about squeezing every last cent of value from those points.  To do that, they have to think out of the box when it comes to where points get sent.

For example, why might a travel hacker living in New York, with absolutely no interest in traveling to Europe, transfer their hard-earned points to British Airways?  

Two reasons: airline alliances and award charts.

Most major airlines today operate in partnerships with other airlines known as alliances.  If you’ve done any air travel at all, you’ve probably heard of the big three: Star Alliance, Skyteam, and Oneworld, each founded in part by a major US airline (United, Delta, and American respectively).  Within each alliance, partner airlines share resources to help travelers get to their destinations and allow travelers with loyalty benefits on one partner, such as miles and elite status, to enjoy them across the alliance.  That last bit is incredibly important to the discussion here.  

Within an alliance, it’s possible to book award travel on airlines that you have no award miles with.

But why would you do that?  First, maybe the airline you have the miles with just doesn’t go where you’re looking to go.  That’s the obvious reason.  The less obvious, and more interesting, reason is, maybe the airline you want to use has a crappy award chart.  

What’s an award chart?  It’s basically the pricing scheme an airline has when you’re looking to book award travel with them.  Many of them use a pretty straightforward algorithm where the amount of miles you need to pay is based on the normal cost of the fare.  Others are…well, complicated.  But that’s where the value tends to be.

For instance, some airlines’ award charts charge a flat rate within a geographic area (like the lower 48 states) while others have a tiered scheme based on distance.  Here, an opportunity might exist for the traveler flying from New York to Los Angeles when using the geographic chart.  But, if the traveler isn’t going very far, say New York to Baltimore, then using the carrier with the distance-based chart might be the better bet.  What’s more, the airline with the better award chart might have nothing to do with the actual flights involved, as long as they’re in an alliance with the carriers that are.  

In my experience, gaming the award chart system can be lucrative, but wins weren’t frequent enough for it to be a major part of my rewards game.  If you live in/near a major city or airline hub and plan on international or luxury travel, it can produce a lot of return.  But, if you live in the country like me, or if your travel is more run-of-the-mill, I wouldn’t expect a ton of value here.

Conclusion

Overall, the rewards game can be well worth playing, as long as you play it responsibly.  Play it right, and you can significantly offset parts of your budget.  Play it wrong, and there are legit consequences.  After all, getting some free flights or vacations means nothing if it means getting yourself in credit card debt or derailing your financial plan with excessive spending.

But if you do think the rewards game can benefit you, I encourage you to try it out.  Even at the beginner levels of play, it can help make a dent in your expenses.  And, sure, as Dave Ramsey likes to point out “no one ever says they got rich off credit card points” (and he’s 100% correct on that), that’s not really what we’re getting at here either.  The rewards game isn’t something that’s ever going to play the lead in your financial plan.  But it can play a fun supporting role.

Interested in checking out some credit cards that offer rewards? Click on the links below!

Featured 2023 Credit Card Offers

Cash Back Credit Cards

Travel Rewards Credit Cards

Airline and Miles Credit Cards

Rewards Credit Cards